金属圆柱壳受大质量低速冲击的屈曲变形

路国运; 段晨灏; 雷建平; 韩志军; 张善元

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2015)02-0171-06

摘要: 对钢质和铜质金属圆柱壳的轴向冲击动力响应进行了实验研究，记录了两种不同材料圆柱壳在大质量低速冲击下的冲击力时程曲线，得到其屈曲模态。采用高速摄像及模拟技术给出了钢质圆柱壳渐进屈曲的全过程，为理解钢质圆柱壳的屈曲机理提供了直观的结果。黄铜质圆柱壳在大质量低速冲击下, 出现整个壳面滿布屈曲波纹的塑性动力屈曲现象，说明高速冲击不是产生塑性动力屈曲的充要条件。像铜这样具有高密度的韧性材料，在大质量低速冲击下，会在轴向产生持续的压缩塑性流作用而出现塑性动力屈曲现象。

关键词:

Abstract: The experimental investigations on dynamic buckling of brass and steel cylindrical shell under axial impact were carried out using drop hammer as loading apparatus. Multiple buckling models are observed and the time histories of impact force were recorded. The experimental results show that the steel cylindrical shell buckled progressively and the brass cylindrical shell occur dynamic plastic buckling (the entire length of a cylindrical shell wrinkles before the development of large radial displacements) when they subjected impact from a mass in relatively low velocity. These results confirm that the dynamic plastic buckling does not necessarily require high impact velocity. This conclusion conflicts with the established perception that the high impact velocity is a necessary condition for dynamic plastic buckling.

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic arrangement

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图 2 高220 mm钢圆管的冲击力曲线和屈曲模态

Figure 2. Impact force cuver and buckling mode of 220 mm steel shell

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图 3 高90 mm钢圆管的位移曲线、冲击力-位移曲线和屈曲模态

Figure 3. Displacement curve, impact force-displacement curve and buckling mode of 90 mm steel shell

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图 4 高90 mm钢圆管的冲击力曲线和对应变形模态

Figure 4. Impact force curve and deformation modes of 90 mm steel shell

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图 5 高90 mm钢圆管的冲击力曲线和变形模态的数值模拟结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of impact force curve and deformation modes of 90 mm steel shell

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图 6 冲击端部第一个弧段内边缘节点轴向坐标曲线的数值模拟结果

Figure 6. Simulation results of displacement curve of cylindrical shell near impact side

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图 7 高84mm铜圆管的冲击力曲线和屈曲模态

Figure 7. Impact force curve and buckling mode of 84 mm copper shell

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