岩体爆破近区临界损伤质点峰值震动速度的确定

胡英国; 卢文波; 陈明; 严鹏

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2015)04-0547-08

岩体爆破近区临界损伤质点峰值震动速度的确定

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)04-0547-08

胡英国^{1, 2,},
卢文波^{1, 2,},
陈明^{1, 2},
严鹏^{1, 2}

1.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
2.
武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(51125037)；国家重点基础发展规划计划(973计划)项目(2011CB076354)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2012206020205)

详细信息

作者简介:
胡英国(1987-), 男, 博士研究生; 通讯作者:卢文波, yghu@whu.edu.cn

胡英国(1987-), 男, 博士研究生; 通讯作者:卢文波, yghu@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-04-12
- 修回日期: 2013-04-15
- 刊出日期: 2015-07-25

Determination of critical damage PPV near the blast hole of rock-mass

Hu Ying-guo^{1, 2
,},
Lu Wen-bo^{1, 2
,},
Chen Ming^{1, 2},
Yan Peng^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 质点峰值振动速度(PPV)是爆破开挖扰动的重要指标，研究确定岩体临界损伤PPV对爆破损伤控制具有重要意义。以溪洛渡水电站640 m高程马道下边坡岩体的爆破开挖为工程背景，依据岩体跨孔声波测试结果，采用基于LS-DYNA的二次开发技术对保留岩体的损伤演化过程进行了数值模拟，结合数值模拟结果研究了爆破近区PPV的分布特征及其与损伤程度的对应关系，结果表明PPV存在门槛值，当PPV大于该值时，岩体的损伤变量从零开始迅速增加至0.8左右，之后随着PPV的增大，损伤增长速度明显减慢，直至岩体完全损伤；分别基于岩体的损伤度、最大拉应力的PPV判据以及近区拉应力峰值与PPV的统计关系等3种方法确定岩体临界损伤PPV，从定量衡量损伤区范围看，常用的基于最大拉应力的PPV判据确定的临界损伤PPV偏小，而其余2种方法确定的临界损伤PPV相对精确。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 爆破损伤 /
- 临界损伤PPV /
- 岩体 /
- 损伤变量
Abstract: Based on the blasting excavation for the berm at the elevation of 640 m on the high slope of Xiluodu hydropower station, the blasting induced damage zone were obtained through sonic wave test and numerical simulation. The relationship between PPV and damage scalarD was studied. If PPV is bigger than one certain value, the damage scalar D increased quickly to about 0.8, then the increased speed became slow. A method of determining critical damage PPV was put forward based on the damage degree and it was compared with the methods of statistics relationship between the maximum tensile stress and PPV and the PPV criterion based on the maximum tensile stress. Results demonstrate that the accuracy of methods based on the damage degree and statistic relationship between the maximum tensile stress and PPV is better than the result according to the maximum tensile stress.
- mechanics of explosion /
- blasting damage /
- critical damage PPV /
- rock-mass /
- damage scalar

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图 1 马道岩体声波测试孔布置示意图

Figure 1. The arrangement of acoustic testing hole near the berm

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图 2 实测保留岩体损伤区深度示意图

Figure 2. The measurement depth of damage zone in remaining rock

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图 3 模型整体平面图

Figure 3. The globe planar graph of the model

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图 4 预裂孔与三维网格图

Figure 4. Mesh near the presplit hole

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图 5 拉压损伤模型总体损伤区计算云图

Figure 5. Cloud picture of the damage zone of the tensile-compression damage model

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图 6 近区PPV随爆心距衰减曲线

Figure 6. Attenuation relationships between PPV and distance to blast hole

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图 7 近区PPV等值线图

Figure 7. Contour map of PPV near the blast hole

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图 8 PPV与损伤变量关系曲线

Figure 8. Relationships curve of PPV versus damage scalar

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图 9 动拉应力峰值与PPV统计关系

Figure 9. The statistics relationship between the maximum stress and PPV

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图 10 损伤临界PPV确定示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of deciding critical damage PPV

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图 11 四种方法损伤范围对比

Figure 11. Comparing of damage zone with four methods

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表 1 不同PPV下岩石损伤效果^[11]

Table 1. Blast-induced damages under different PPVs^[11]

v_pp/(cm·s^-1)	岩体损伤效果
(0, 25)	完整岩石不会致裂
(25, 63.5)	发生轻微的拉伸层裂
(63.5, 254)	严重的拉伸裂缝及一些径向裂缝
(254, ∞)	岩体完全破碎

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表 2 岩石爆破损伤的质点峰值振动速度临界值^[12]

Table 2. Peak particle velocity criteria for blast-induced damage^[12]

岩体损伤表现	损伤程度	v_pp/(cm·s^-1)
岩体损伤表现	损伤程度	斑岩	页岩	石英质中长岩
台阶面松动岩块的偶尔掉落	没有损伤	12.7	5.1	63.5
台阶面松动岩块的部分掉落	可能有损伤但可接受	38.1	25.4	127.0
部分台阶面松动、崩落	轻微的爆破损伤	63.5	38.1	190.5
台阶面严重破碎	爆破损伤	>63.5	>38.1	>190.5

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表 3 岩体的材料参数及损伤模型相关参数

Table 3. Rock mass parameters and some special parameters about damage models

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	E_k/GPa	ν	σ_k/MPa	k	m	K_IC/(MN·m^-3/2)	λ/(kg·J^-1)
2 530	25	0.228	2	2.33×10²⁴	6	0.92	0.000 1

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