泡沫材料对冲击波的衰减特性

周佩杰; 王坚; 陶钢; 周杰

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2015)05-0675-07

泡沫材料对冲击波的衰减特性

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)05-0675-07

周佩杰^1,,
王坚²,
陶钢¹,
周杰¹

1.
南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
北京跟踪与通信技术研究所，北京 100000

详细信息

作者简介:
周佩杰(1990—), 男, 博士研究生, archibrad@163.com

中图分类号: O382
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- 被引次数: 9
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-03-19
- 修回日期: 2014-06-18
- 刊出日期: 2015-10-10

Attenuation characteristics of shock waves interacting with open and closed foams

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100000, China

摘要

摘要: 对冲击波与开式、闭式泡沫作用及其在空气中的传播特性开展实验研究，探讨不同结构的泡沫材料对冲击波衰减的力学特征。通过定量分析泡沫材料对冲击波的超压峰值、正冲量的损失，分析冲击波入射、反射、透射的正冲量。实验结果表明, 泡沫材料对冲击波的衰减体现在对冲击波的反射衰减等方面，其中开式泡沫对冲击波的衰减效果比闭式泡沫稍好，且它们衰减冲击波的具体力学过程也不尽相同。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 衰减特性 /
- 超压峰值 /
- 泡沫材料 /
- 冲击波 /
- 正冲量
Abstract: Experiments were carried out to explore the mechanical properties of the attenuation of shock waves respectively interacted with wooded plates, open and closed cellular foams. Based on the experimental data, the peak overpressure and positive impulse loss of shock waves were quantitatively analyzed as well as the positive impulses of the incidence, reflection and transmission shock waves. The experimental results show that the attenuation capacity of foams to shock waves is mainly due to the shock wave reflection and energy dissipation inside the foam microstructure. And the mechanical phenomena of open foam to shock wave are not fully consistent with those of closed foam, while the attenuation capacity of open foam to shock wave is more effective than that of closed foam.
- mechanics of explosion /
- attenuation characteristics /
- peak overpressure /
- cellular foam /
- shock wave /
- positive impulse

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图 1 泡沫材料的显微结构

Figure 1. Microstructure of the foam material

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图 2 实验场地布局示意图

Figure 2. Sketch map of test layout

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图 3 实验1中压力传感器的测试波形

Figure 3. Typical shock wave profiles measured by pressure sensors in experiment 1

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图 4 实验6中压力传感器的测试波形

Figure 4. Typical shock wave profiles measured by pressure sensors in experiment 6

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图 5 实验6中木板反射冲击波波形

Figure 5. Shock wave reflected by a wooden plate in experiment 6

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图 6 实验7中压力传感器的测试波形

Figure 6. Typical shock wave profiles measured by pressure sensors in experiment 7

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图 7 实验7中开式泡沫反射的冲击波波形

Figure 7. Shock wave reflected by open foam in experiment 7

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图 8 实验12中压力传感器的测试波形

Figure 8. Typical shock wave profiles measured by pressure sensors in experiment 12

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图 9 实验12中闭式泡沫反射冲击波波形

Figure 9. Shock wave reflected by closed foam in experiment 12

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表 1 自由场中冲击波的测试结果

Table 1. Experimental results of shock wave propagating in air

实验编号	p/kPa		Δt/ms		I/(Pa·s)
实验编号	No.1	No.2	No.1	No.2	No.1	No.2
1	78.4	48.3	0.210	0.510	9.11	7.71
2	78.8	50.3	0.220	0.525	9.24	8.00
3	75.7	53.7	0.225	0.495	9.13	7.30
平均	77.6	50.8	0.218	0.510	9.16	7.67

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表 2 开式泡沫材料实验结果

Table 2. Experimental results of shock wave interacting with open foam

实验编号	p_in/kPa	p_tran/kPa	p_ref/kPa	Φ_p/%	η_p/%	I_in/(Pa·s)	I_tran/(Pa·s)	I_ref/(Pa·s)	Ψ_I/%	θ_I/%
7	80.7	11.3	45.0	86.0	55.8	9.16	2.52	6.28	72.5	68.6
8	80.5	10.5	29.6	87.0	36.8	9.16	2.65	4.88	71.1	53.3
9	81.8	11.0	45.1	86.6	55.1	9.16	2.64	4.42	71.2	48.3
平均	81.0	10.9	39.9	86.5	49.3	9.16	2.60	5.19	71.6	56.7

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表 3 闭式泡沫材料实验结果

Table 3. Experimental results of shock wave interacting with closed foam

实验编号	p_in/kPa	p_tran/kPa	p_ref/kPa	Φ_p/%	η_p/%	I_in/(Pa·s)	I_tran/(Pa·s)	I_ref/(Pa·s)	Ψ_I/%	θ_I/%
10	107.6	20.1	45.2	81.3	42.0	9.16	3.01	6.42	67.1	70.1
11	98.2	19.9	42.8	79.7	43.6	9.16	3.09	5.60	65.9	61.1
12	103.9	19.4	48.8	81.3	47.0	9.16	2.75	5.83	70.0	82.3
平均	103.2	19.8	45.6	80.8	44.2	9.16	2.95	5.95	67.8	65.0

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表 4 冲击波超压值的衰减参数

Table 4. Attenuation parameters of three materials to shock wave overpressure

材料	p_in/kPa	p_tran/kPa	Φ_p/%	λ_p
空气介质	77.6	50.8	34.5	1.00
开式泡沫	81.0	10.9	86.5	2.51
闭式泡沫	103.2	19.8	80.8	2.34

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表 5 冲击波正冲量值的衰减参数

Table 5. Attenuation parameters of three materials to shock wave positive impulse

材料	I_in/(Pa·s)	I_tran/(Pa·s)	Ψ_I/%	λ_I
空气	9.16	7.67	16.3	1.00
开式泡沫	9.16	2.60	71.6	4.39
闭式泡沫	9.16	2.95	67.8	4.16

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参考文献(6)

[1]	Lu Guo-xing, Yu Tong-xi. Energy absorption of structures and materials[M]//Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering. US: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2003: 385-400.
[2]	Gibson L J, Ashby M F. Cellular solids: Structure and properties[M]. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
[3]	Gibson L J, Ashby M F, Zhang J, et al. Failure surfaces for cellular materials under multiaxial loads modeling[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1989, 31(9): 635-663. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7403(89)80001-3
[4]	Gibson L J, Ashby M F. The mechanics of three-dimensional cellular materials[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1982, 382(1782): 43-59. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1982.0088
[5]	Lee J J, Frost D L, Lee J H S. Transmission of a blast wave through a deformable layer[M]//Shock Waves @ Marseille Ⅲ. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995: 181-186.
[6]	Kleine H, Diaconescu G, Lee J H S. Blast wave propagation in foam[M]//Shock Waves@ Pasadena Ⅲ. World Scientific, 1996: 1351-1356.

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