Perforation characteristics of cylindrical shell free beamunder high-speed impact
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摘要: 利用二级轻气炮加载，进行了球状2A12铝弹丸垂直撞击圆柱壳自由梁实验。并进行了弹丸速度、圆柱壳直径和壁厚等因素对穿孔直径影响的数值模拟，数值模拟结果和实验结果基本吻合。通过量纲分析和数值模拟结合，推导了穿孔直径与相关影响参数的经验关系式。研究结果表明：当圆柱壳直径和厚度不变时，高速撞击产生的穿孔直径在径向和轴向都随着弹丸速度增大而增大；当弹丸速度和圆柱壳厚度不变时，高速撞击产生的穿孔直径随着圆柱壳自由梁直径的增大而减小；当弹丸速度和圆柱壳直径不变时，穿孔直径随着圆柱壳厚度的增大而减小。Abstract: In order to study the perforation characteristics generated by a spherical 2A12 aluminum projectile impacting cylindrical shell steel free beams at high-speed, the experiments of a spherical projectile loaded by a two-stage light gas gun impacting cylindrical shell free beams were performed. Simulations were carried out to study different factors such as projectile speed, cylindrical shell diameter and thickness that influence the perforation diameter. Our simulation and experimental results are basically consistent. An empirical correlation of perforation diameter and related parameters was deduced combining dimension analysis and simulation. The results show that the radial and axial perforation diameters increase with the increase of the impact velocity when the thickness and diameter of the cylindrical shell remains unchanged; the radial and axial perforation diameter decreases with the increase of the diameter of the cylindrical shell when the projectile velocity and thickness are remain unchanged; the radial and axial perforation diameters decrease with the increase of the cylindrical shell thickness when the projectile velocity and cylindrical shell diameter remain unchanged.
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图 3 碰撞速度约2 km/s时不同直径圆柱壳自由梁的穿孔形貌
Figure 3. Morphology of perforation for cylindrical shell free beams with different diameterswhen the collision velocity is about 2 km/s
图 6 圆柱壳自由梁穿孔直径随碰撞速度的变化规律
Figure 6. Perforation diameters of cylindrical shell free beam varying with impact velocity
图 7 圆柱壳自由梁穿孔直径随圆柱壳直径的变化规律
Figure 7. Perforation diameter of cylindrical shell free beam varying with cylindrical shell diameter
图 8 圆柱壳自由梁穿孔直径随圆柱壳厚度的变化规律
Figure 8. Perforation diameter of cylindrical shell free beam varying with thickness of cylindrical shell thickness
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
材料 ρ/(kg·m-3) G/GPa A/MPa B/MPa n C m s c0/(km·s-1) γ0 2A12铝 2 780 27.6 265 426 0.34 0.015 1.0 1.34 5.330 2.0 304钢 7 830 77.0 332 245 0.36 0.022 1.0 1.92 3.570 1.67 
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表 2 数值模拟结果
Table 2. Simulation results
No. D/mm H/mm v/(km·s-1) da/mm dr/mm 1 30 3 2.2 6.5 6.0 3 30 3 3.2 9.4 8.4 4 40 3 2.2 6.4 6.0 5 40 3 3.2 8.5 8.4 6 40 2 2.7 7.7 7.3 7 48 3 2.2 6.3 5.8 9 48 3 3.2 8.5 8.0 10 60 3 2.2 6.0 5.8 12 60 3 3.2 8.1 7.5
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表 3 实验与数值模拟结果的比较
Table 3. Comparison of simulation and experiment results
D/mm v/(km·s-1) da/mm dr/mm 实验 模拟 实验 模拟 30 2.10 7.9 6.2 7.4 6.0 40 2.06 7.5 6.1 7.4 5.9 48 2.10 7.3 6.1 6.7 5.9 60 2.06 7.2 6.0 6.5 5.8 60 1.80 7.2 6.0 6.5 5.0 60 2.30 7.2 6.2 7.0 5.9 60 2.58 8.4 6.8 7.5 6.5 60 2.71 8.4 7.0 7.8 6.5 60 3.30 8.9 8.6 7.9 7.7
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