A method for calculating critical spalling and perforating thicknesses of concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion
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摘要: 采用刚塑性模型描述介质的动力学行为,结合不可压缩条件和质量守恒条件及边界条件,构造塑性区的动力学许可速度场;利用极限平衡原理推导动力学许可速度场所对应的介质抗力的量纲一表达式;根据初始条件和边界条件,求解运动方程,分别得到爆炸震塌的临界厚度和爆炸贯穿的临界厚度,并推得能够反映爆炸源参数和材料参数综合性质的量纲一冲击因子。将推得的计算公式与经验公式对比分析,证明本文计算结果合理,推导的计算公式揭示了经验公式的物理本质,且具有较为广泛的适用范围。Abstract: Tanking account of the mass conservation conditions, incompressible conditions and boundary conditions, this paper described the dynamic behaviors of the medium based on the plastic-rigid model and established the compatible dynamic velocity field in the plastic zone. In addition, utilizing the limit equilibrium theory, this paper derived the equations of material resistance to explosions in both the infinite and the semi-infinite medium. Combined with the initial and boundary conditions, the equations of motion can be solved and the critical depth can be obtained. Besides, this paper has obtained a dimensionless impact factor which reflects the integrated nature of explosive sources and media. The calculated results illustrated that the critical depth and the dimensionless impact factor have a proportional relationship. Finally, the comparative analysis of the empirical formulas with the derived equations proved that our calculation methods are valid and widely applicable.
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区别于一般的爆炸力学和冲击动力学计算,毁伤仿真计算往往需要对完整目标场景甚至阵地场景进行武器打击全过程计算,同时又需要近实时给出计算结果。这种大场景和快速计算在武器研发和运用的工程实际中有着强烈的应用需求。现有爆炸和冲击动力学计算方法(如FEM)由于计算规模和计算效率的限制,在进行毁伤场景计算时往往只能对目标构件或者局部区域进行计算,很难满足毁伤仿真的应用需求。近年来出现了一些快速算法,如镜像爆源法、侵彻微分面元法和破片射线追踪法等,这些快速算法充分利用解析公式、经验数据或代理模型,结合计算机仿真与可视化技术,形成实用工具,有力支撑了国防工业和军事领域的应用。
毁伤快速算法的求解时间必须满足强制时间约束条件,在优先满足时间效率要求的前提下,综合采用解析公式、经验数据、数值计算、人工智能、计算机仿真等方法,进行算法创新和集成应用。毁伤快速算法是一种既区别于解析公式法,又区别于传统有限元的求解方法,既有解析公式稳健可靠的特性,又有有限元方法良好的复杂几何形状适用性,填补了解析公式和有限元方法之间巨大的方法空白。这类方法能够抓住毁伤的主要特征进行快速求解,其特点主要包括:复杂三维场景适用,时间差分推进,数据驱动为主、模型驱动为辅,“绝对的时效性、相对的准确性”,物理毁伤、功能毁伤和任务毁伤的一体化计算等。毁伤仿真是一个典型的多学科交叉、多技术融合的领域,尤其对于计算机图形学等计算机仿真学科和相关技术有很强的依赖性,典型例子就是射线追踪法(ray tracing)在破片场求解中的应用。此外,在实际应用中,对于软件友好操作、三维可视化等功能也有很强的技术需求,可以说毁伤快速算法和计算机仿真技术构成了深度耦合的关系。
根据工作需要,我国不少科研单位开展了一些相关基础研究,并形成了相应的研究成果,但是针对这一领域进行系统学术交流的平台一直缺乏。为了推动毁伤快速算法和仿真技术领域的科学发展,促进此类方法在国防安全领域的运用,2023年7月,在中国力学学会爆炸力学分会计算爆炸力学专业组的指导下,国防科技大学理学院和湖南大学土木工程学院联合承办了2023年毁伤快速算法与仿真技术研讨会,旨在探讨毁伤快速算法和仿真技术的关键技术和发展方向。我国本领域专家学者积极参会和投稿,贡献出了精彩的学术报告和高质量的学术论文,会议规模远超组委会的预期。经过《爆炸与冲击》期刊的严格审稿流程,多篇文章有幸获得发表,形成本期专题。会议组委会由衷感谢全部参会人员、论文作者和审稿专家,特别感谢《爆炸与冲击》编辑部为本专题出版做出的贡献!
国防科技大学 卢芳云 教授
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