破片高速侵彻中厚背水钢板的剩余特性

陈长海; 侯海量; 张元豪; 戴文喜; 朱锡; 方志威

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)06-0959-07

破片高速侵彻中厚背水钢板的剩余特性

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)06-0959-07

1.
海军工程大学舰船工程系，湖北武汉 430033
2.
中国舰船研究设计中心，湖北武汉 430064

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51409253

国家自然科学基金项目 51479204

详细信息

作者简介:
陈长海(1985—)，男，博士，讲师, chenchanghai0746@163.com

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-12
- 修回日期: 2016-09-06
- 刊出日期: 2017-11-25

Residual characteristics of moderately thick water-backed steel plates penetrated by high-velocity fragments

1.
Department of Naval Architecture Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
2.
China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨破片高速侵彻中厚背水钢板的剩余特性，通过弹道实验，分析了弹体和靶板的破坏模式，比较了破片侵彻垂直和倾斜背水钢板后的瞬时余速和运动轨迹, 以及由此引起的初始冲击波的压力特性。结果表明，破片在高速侵彻下，头部产生了严重的镦粗变形，钢板背后水介质的动支撑作用不容忽视；背水钢板的破坏模式主要为剪切冲塞破坏，背弹面穿孔存在绝热剪切效应；破片穿透背水钢板初期，会产生空泡和射流，空泡大小和射流强度与破片入水初速有关，而空泡形状和射流方向则受背水钢板的倾斜角度影响；破片穿透背水钢板后，在水中的运动轨迹会发生偏转，偏转方向与破片入水初速有关；由于水介质的动支撑作用和动能耗散效应，破片穿透背水钢板后的动能损失要大于穿透背空钢板的情形；水中初始冲击波的压力特性应考虑稀疏波的影响；相同初速下，破片侵彻垂直背水钢板引起的初始冲击波的峰值压力较侵彻倾斜背水钢板要大。
- 高速侵彻 /
- 背水钢板 /
- 剩余特性 /
- 初始冲击波
Abstract: In this study we carried out ballistic tests to explore the residual characteristics of moderately thick water-backed steel plates penetrated by high-velocity fragments. Damage modes of projectiles as well as targets were analyzed. We compared the vertical and inclined water-backed steel plates penetrated by fragments in terms of instantaneous fragment velocities, moving trajectories and the pressure characteristics of induced incipient shockwaves. The results show that serious mushrooming deformation occur on the noses of the fragments during high-velocity penetration, and the dynamic supporting effect of water in the back of the steel plate should be considered in its examination. Damage modes of the water backed steel plates are mainly shear plugging, together with adiabatic shear effect available on the distal side of the perforation holes. In the earlier stage after the fragment perforating the water-backed steel plates, cavities and jets are produced. The cavity size and the jet intensity are both related to the initial velocities of the fragments entering the water, whereas both the cavity shape and the jet direction are affected by the inclined angle of the water-backed steel plates. After the perforation of the water-backed steelplates, the moving trajectories of the fragments will deflect, and the deflection direction is related to the initial velocities. Due to the dynamic supporting as well as the kinetic energy dissipation effects of water, the kinetic energy loss of the fragment perforating water-backed steel plates is greater than that perforating air-backed steel plates. The influence of the rarefaction wave on the pressure characteristics of incipient shock waves should be considered. Under the condition of the same initial fragment velocity, penetration of the vertical water-backed steel plates result in incipient shock waves with higher peak pressures than those resulting from the penetration of the inclined water-backed steel plates.
- high-velocity penetration /
- water-backed steel plate /
- residual characteristic /
- incipient shock wave

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图 1 垂直90°水箱结构(水箱Ⅰ)

Figure 1. Water tank with an incident angle of 90° (WT-Ⅰ)

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图 2 倾斜60°水箱结构(水箱Ⅱ)

Figure 2. Water tank with an incident angle of 60° (WT-Ⅱ)

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图 3 实验后弹体变形破坏形貌

Figure 3. Deformation and damage of projectiles after tests

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图 4 工况1背水钢板破坏形貌

Figure 4. Damage of water-backed steel plate in case 1

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图 5 工况2背水钢板绝热剪切形貌

Figure 5. Damage of adiabatic shear for water-backed steel plate in case 2

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图 6 工况1破片在水中的运动轨迹

Figure 6. Moving trajectory of fragment in water for case 1

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图 7 工况2破片在水中的运动轨迹

Figure 7. Moving trajectory of fragment in water for case 2

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图 8 工况3破片在水中的运动轨迹

Figure 8. Moving trajectory of fragment in water for case 3

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图 9 工况4破片在水中的运动轨迹

Figure 9. Moving trajectory of fragment in water for case 4

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图 10 稀疏波的传播示意图

Figure 10. Sketch of rarefaction wave propagation

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图 11 工况2中初始冲击波压力时程曲线

Figure 11. Pressure time history of incipient shock wave in case 2

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表 1 实验结果及主要参数

Table 1. Experimental results and main parameters

工况	靶板厚度/mm	靶后介质	入射角/(°)	破片初速/(m·s^-1)	破片余速/(m·s^-1)	破坏情况
1	4.98	水(水箱Ⅰ)	90	1 105.0	229.3	穿透
2	4.96	水(水箱Ⅰ)	90	1 231.2	347.1	穿透
3	4.98	水(水箱Ⅱ)	60	1 058.1	167.8	穿透
4	4.94	水(水箱Ⅱ)	60	1 290.3	310.5	穿透
5	4.92	空气	90	1 029.0	384.0	穿透
6	4.96	空气	60	1 029.9	224.1	穿透

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表 2 破片侵彻背水钢板各工况测点1~2的峰值压力测量结果

Table 2. Measured peak pressures of test points 1 and 2 for cases of water-bakced steel plates penetrated by fragments

工况	破片初速v₀/(m·s^-1)	入射角/(°)	破片余速v_r1/(m·s^-1)	峰值压力P_1max/MPa	峰值压力P_2max/MPa
1	1 105.0	90	286.0	6.184	4.580
2	1 231.2	90	462.7	7.707	6.132
3	1 058.1	60	202.9	4.322	3.894
4	1 290.3	60	385.9	6.432	5.563

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