A new type of explosive diode and its mechanism
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摘要: 针对工业上起爆网路的早爆问题, 设计并研制了一种可控单向传爆的新型爆炸二极管, 通过一系列理论计算以及对称结构正反起爆实验, 研究了该爆炸二极管的正向稳定传爆及反向可靠隔爆机理和限制因素。结果表明：该爆炸二极管可实现正向稳定传爆, 反向可靠隔爆, 二者对应的限制因素分别为激发药药量和延期体长度。理论分析得到的激发药的极限药量和延期体的临界尺寸与实验结果较为吻合。Abstract: In the present work, to address the premature explosion for the detonating network, we designed a new type of irreversible detonation explosive diode and studied the mechanism and limiting factors about the explosive diode in transmitting the positive detonation and stopping the backward detonation, using the calculation and experiments of the symmetrical charge structure. The results show that the new type of explosive diode can achieve this aim and that the maximum amount of the firing charge and the crucial length of the delay elements from the theoretical calculation are fairly consistent with those from the experiments.
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Key words:
- explosive diode /
- mass limited of firing charge /
- crucial length /
- delay elements
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图 4 不同激发药药量下的冲击起爆能量值
Figure 4. Shock initiation energy with variable masses of firing charge increase
图 6 不同延期体长度下冲击起爆能量值
Figure 6. Shock initiation energy with length of delay elements increase
8b 正向成功传爆反向隔爆成功
8b. Successful transmitting for positive detonation and stopping backward detonation
图 9 反向隔爆正反对称实验
Figure 9. Experiments about reliability in which both of input and output are detonating fuse
图 10 不同药量下延期体临界尺寸
Figure 10. Critital length of delay elements of variable mass of firing charge
物质 KClO3 C3H3N6O6 CO2 H2O KCl N2 O2 Qf/(kJ·mol-1) 389.9 -65.44 395.43 241.7 430.8 0 0 
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ρ1, 0/(g·cm-3) ρ2, 0/(g·cm-3) M/mg m0/mg d/mm a1/(m·s-1) a2/(m·s-1) b1 b2 γ 7.8 1.0 80 5 0.2 4000 300 1.58 1.78 3
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表 3 不同药量下的部分计算结果
Table 3. Results with variable masses of charge increase
m/mg v0/(m·s-1) pτ/GPa Df/(m·s-1) τ/ns p2·τ/(Pa2·s) 7 171.3 0.10 4265.6 93.8 9.51×108 9 453.3 0.47 4 692.3 85.2 1.91×1010 10 541.8 0.64 4 823.8 82.9 3.40×1010 11 617.7 0.80 4 935.8 81.0 5.21×1010 15 856.6 1.42 5 282.9 75.7 1.52×1011 20 1 083.5 2.14 5 606.2 71.4 3.28×1011 25 1 270.5 2.84 5 868.3 68.2 5.51×1011 30 1 433.4 3.52 6 093.6 65.6 8.15×1011 35 1 579.5 4.19 6 293.7 63.6 1.11×1012 40 1 713.2 4.84 6 475.2 61.8 1.45×1012 45 1 837.2 5.48 6 642.2 60.2 1.81×1012 50 1 953.3 6.11 6 797.6 58.8 2.20×1012
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Table 4. Parameters for the calculation of stopping backward detonation
ρ3, 0/(g·cm-3) ρ4, 0/(g·cm-3) η/(Pa·s) pj/GPa c0/(m·s-1) a3/(m·s-1) a4/(m·s-1) b3 b4 γ 11.34 1.0 17 000 8.7 2 029 2 028 300 1.52 1.78 3
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表 5 不同延期体长度下的计算结果
Table 5. Results with the variable lengths of the delay elements increase
X/mm vX/(m·s-1) pτ/GPa Df/(m·s-1) τ/μs $p_{\tau }^{2}$·τ/(Pa2·s) 0.5 353.0 1.040 3 069.8 0.33 3.54×1011 1.0 251.7 0.614 2 802.0 0.71 2.69×1011 1.5 179.5 0.364 2 598.8 1.15 1.53×1011 2.0 128.0 0.217 2 446.2 1.64 7.72×1010 2.2 111.8 0.177 2 396.6 1.84 5.78×1010 2.3 104.5 0.161 2 374.0 1.94 4.99×1010 2.5 91.2 0.132 2 332.6 2.14 3.71×1010 3.0 65.1 0.081 2 248.8 2.67 1.76×1010 3.5 46.4 0.051 2 187.4 3.20 8.33×109 4.0 33.1 0.033 2 142.7 3.73 4.01×109 4.5 23.6 0.022 2 110.3 4.26 1.97×109 5.0 16.8 0.014 2 087.0 4.79 9.83×108
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表 6 不同激发药药量下的正向传爆率和反向隔爆率
Table 6. Percentages of transmission for positive detonation and stopping backward detonation with mass of firing charge increase
激发药药量/mg 延期体长度/mm 实验次数 正向传爆率/% 反向隔爆率/% 说明 50 5.50 10 100 100 当激发药药量为5 mg时，将不能爆轰产生飞片 40 5.50 10 100 100 30 5.50 10 100 100 20 5.50 10 100 100 15 5.50 10 60 60 12 5.50 10 40 40 10 5.50 10 0 0 5 5.50 10 0 0
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表 7 不同延期体长度的隔爆率
Table 7. Percentage of stopping backward detonation with length of delay elements increase
第3段管壳装药/mg 延期体长度/mm 试验次数 隔爆率/% 20 6.00 10 100 20 5.00 10 100 20 4.50 10 100 20 4.30 10 100 20 4.20 10 100 20 4.10 10 40 20 4.00 10 0
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