椭圆形桩井护壁爆破振动安全判据

刘强; 施富强; 池恩安; 廖学燕; 唐宇峰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2016-0334

椭圆形桩井护壁爆破振动安全判据

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2016-0334

刘强^1,,
施富强^{1, 2},
池恩安³,
廖学燕²,
唐宇峰¹

1.
西南交通大学机械工程学院, 四川成都 610031
2.
四川省安全科学技术研究院, 四川成都 610045
3.
贵州新联爆破工程集团有限公司, 贵州贵阳 550002

基金项目:

贵州省科技计划优秀青年科技人才培养专项项目黔科合平台人才〔2017〕5643号

贵州省科技计划项目黔科合高G字〔2015〕4004号

贵州省科技计划项目黔科合成果〔2017〕4774号

详细信息

作者简介:
刘强(1988-), 男, 博士研究生, 工程师, liuqiangliucheng@163.com

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-11-01
- 修回日期: 2017-04-12
- 刊出日期: 2018-07-25

Blasting vibration safety criterion for semi-ellipse-shaped shaft wall

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
2.
Sichuan Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Chengdu 610045, Sichuan, China
3.
Guizhou Xianlian Blasting Engineering Limited Corp., Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China

摘要

摘要: 钻爆法作为桩基开挖的主要破岩手段，所产生的爆破振动引起桩井护壁结构发生动态响应，进而影响桩井结构的稳定性。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D，以峰值质点振动速度和有效拉应力作为指标，模拟了椭圆形桩井护壁结构对爆破振动的动态响应。计算结果表明：不同掘井深度的椭圆形桩井护壁对不同段药量爆破振动的动态响应呈相似规律，最大质点峰值振速及峰值拉应力分布一致，均位于护壁井口端的弧形壁部分，响应强度随段药量的减小而减小；护壁结构的峰值拉应力与峰值振速呈线性关系，基于抗拉强度准则，确定了该工程条件下护壁的安全振动速度阈值为8 cm/s，现场测试验证了预设判据的合理性。
- 安全振动速度 /
- 桩井护壁 /
- 峰值质点速度
Abstract: As a major technique for rock breakage, the drill and blast method brings about serious blasting vibration that poses hazards for the structural stability of the shaft wall. In this paper, we simulated the interactive process of the blasting seismic wave and the semi-ellipse-shaped shaft wall using the finite-element numerical software ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D and taking the peak particle velocity (PPV) and the effective tensile stress as the evaluation indexes of the dynamic response. The calculated results indicate that for the shaft walls with different excavation depths there exist similar patterns governing the dynamic response to different maximum charges, and both the peak effective tensile stress and PPV are located at the top arch, whose intensities decrease along with the decrease of the maximum charge. Based on the tensile strength principle and the linear relationship between the peak effective tensile stress and PPV, we established the critical blasting vibration safety criterion as 8 cm/s under the present engineering conditions for this project, and conducted on-site tests which verified the validity of the pre-set criterion.
- safety vibration velocity /
- shaft wall /
- peak particle velocity

HTML全文

图 1 爆破振动导致的桩井护壁破坏

Figure 1. Failure of shaft wall resulting from blasting vibration

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图 2 桩井分析模型

Figure 2. Analytical model of piling well

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图 3 炮孔布局

Figure 3. Arrangement of blasting holes

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图 4 桩井护壁振动测点布置

Figure 4. Layout of measuring points in shaft wall

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图 5 模拟与实测峰值振速对比

Figure 5. Comparison of simulation with experimental results for peak particle velocity

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图 6 桩井护壁不同横截面的振动速度横向分布

Figure 6. Horizontal distribution of peak particle velocity in different sections of shaft wall

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图 7 同一横截面选取单元分布

Figure 7. Layout of selected elements in the same cross section

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图 8 掘进深度为16 m时峰值振速沿轴向分布

Figure 8. Axial distribution of peak particle velocity at excavation depth of 16 m

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图 9 掘进深度与破坏位置的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between excavation depth and failure position

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图 10 不同工况下护壁的有效应力云图

Figure 10. Effective stresses of shaft wall under different conditions

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图 11 破坏位置处峰值拉应力与最大峰值振速的关系

Figure 11. Peak effective tensile stress vs. peak particle velocity at failure position

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图 12 工况1实测典型波形

Figure 12. Measured typical waveform under condition 1

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表 1 爆破参数

Table 1. Blasting parameters

孔距/mm	排距/mm	炮孔深度/m	药卷直径/mm	单耗/(kg·m^-3)	单孔药量/kg
50~80	50~80	1.0(掏槽)，0.8(周边)	32	2.6	1.2(掏槽)，0.8(周边)

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表 2 炸药的材料及状态方程参数

Table 2. Material and EOS parameters of explosive

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	D/(km·s^-1)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
1.2	4.8	9.7	214.4	18.2	4.2	0.9	0.15	4.192

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表 3 岩石材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of rock

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E₁/GPa	ν	σ_Y/GPa	E₂/GPa	β	ε_f
2.7	40	0.22	46	0.04	0.5	0.05

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表 4 混凝土材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters of concrete

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	G/GPa	A_HJC	B_HJC	C_HJC	N	f_c/MPa	T_max/MPa	ε_{f_min}	S_max
2.44	14.86	0.79	1.6	0.007	0.61	48	40	0.01	7

p_cr/MPa	p_lock/MPa	μ_cr	μ_lock	D₁	D₂	K₁/GPa	K₂/GPa	K₃/GPa
160	800	0.001	0.1	0.04	1	85	-171	208

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表 5 空气材料参数

Table 5. Material parameters of air

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	e₀/MPa	V₀
1.25	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	0.256	1

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表 6 测点处峰值振速的模拟与实测结果

Table 6. Simulation and experimental results of peak particle velocity at measuring points

工况	S=15.5 m的圆弧壁中间单元节点的峰值振速/(cm·s^-1)		S=8.5 m的圆弧与直段连接处单元节点的峰值振速/(cm·s^-1)
工况	模拟	实测	模拟	实测
1	4.7	8.0	4.7	4.5
2	6.3	6.1	3.4	3.1
3	4.6	4.4	2.3	2.0
4	3.2	2.9	1.1	1.0

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表 7 数值计算结果

Table 7. Numerical calculation results

工况	h/m	w_max/kg	σ_τ/MPa	v_max/(cm·s^-1)
1	4	8.0	17.02	74.0
2	4	4.8	14.10	64.1
3	4	4.0	11.14	48.4
4	4	3.6	7.48	33.1
1	8	8.0	5.34	23.4
2	8	4.8	4.67	20.2
3	8	4.0	3.52	15.3
4	8	3.6	2.41	10.4
1	12	8.0	2.73	11.9
2	12	4.8	2.35	10.3
3	12	4.0	1.83	7.8
4	12	3.6	1.22	5.3
1	16	8.0	1.75	7.4
2	16	4.8	1.44	6.4
3	16	4.0	1.12	4.8
4	16	3.6	0.76	3.3

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表 8 实测峰值振速

Table 8. Measured peak particle velocities

工况	水平向峰值振速/(cm·s^-1)				垂直向峰值振速/(cm·s^-1)
工况	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4
1	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.9	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.0
2	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.9	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.1
3	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
4	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.7	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1

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