Characteristics of draging period cavity formation in liquid filling container by fragment impacting
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摘要: 为研究液压水锤效应拖拽阶段的气腔特性，利用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法对破片撞击充液容器的过程进行研究，并分析了破片撞击速度和液体介质对液压水锤效应拖拽阶段气腔的影响。结果表明：破片撞击充液容器时，在液体中形成的气腔形状为圆锥形，其最大直径和长度随破片的运动逐渐增大，气腔长径比最终趋于一稳定变化区域，约在3.8~3.9之间；气腔最大直径随着破片撞击速度的增大而增大；柴油介质中形成气腔的最大直径和长径比变化规律与水介质中形成的相同，气腔长径比最终在4.25左右浮动，柴油介质中形成气腔的最大直径和长径比均大于水介质中形成的。Abstract: To study the characteristics of the cavities formed by the fragment impacting liquid filling container, the forming process of the cavities in the liquid-filled containers was studied through numerical and experimental studies. In addition, the effects of the impacting velocity and the liquid medium of the cavity were analyzed. The results show that the cavity formed in the liquid is approximate a cone, the maximum diameter, length and length-diameter ratio of the cavity increase with fragment moving. The ratio of length to diameter eventually approches a certain value, and the value is approximate 3.9. The maximum diameter of the cavity increases with the increase of the fragment impact velocity. The maximum diameter and the length-diameter ratio of the cavity in the diesel medium are similar to those in the water medium, and the length-diameter ratio of the cavity approches 4.25.The maximum diameter and the length-diameter ratio in the diesel medium are larger than those in the water medium.
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Key words:
- liquid-filled container /
- cavity characteristics /
- impact velocity /
- liquid medium
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图 6 气腔大小随时间变化的数值计算结果与实验照片(单位：cm)
Figure 6. Numerical and experimental results of cavity characteristics varies with time (unit: cm)
图 8 不同撞击速度下气腔特性曲线
Figure 8. Cavity characteristic curves with different impact velocities
图 9 不同撞击速度下L/D随时间变化曲线
Figure 9. Cavity L/D-time curves with different impact velocities)
图 10 不同介质中的气腔特性曲线(水和柴油)
Figure 10. Cavity characteristic curves in different liquid (water and diesel)
图 12 不同介质中的L/D随时间变化曲线(水和柴油)
Figure 12. Cavity L/D-time curves in different liquids (water and diesel)
表 1 箱体材料主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of filling liquid container
材料 ρ/(kg·m-3) E/GPa μ A/MPa B/MPa C n m Grüneisen状态方程 c/(m·s-1) S1 γ 铝合金 2 797 69.63 0.33 265 462 0.015 0.34 1.0 5 286 1.4 2.0 
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表 2 水和空气的主要材料参数表
Table 2. Material parameters of water and air
材料 ρ/(kg·m-3) c/(m·s-1) S1 C4 C5 水 1 000 1 480 1.979 - - 空气 1.25 - - 0.4 0.4
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