基于雷管实际延时范围的逐孔爆破振动合成计算与应用

吴昊骏; 龚敏

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2017-0415

基于雷管实际延时范围的逐孔爆破振动合成计算与应用

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0415

吴昊骏,
龚敏^,

北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
吴昊骏(1990-), 男, 博士, whj370610166@163.com

通讯作者:
龚敏(1963-), 男, 博士, 教授, gongmin@ces.ustb.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-11-17
- 修回日期: 2018-01-10
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-05

Calculation and application of hole by hole blasting vibration superposition based on measured delay times of detonators

WU Haojun,
GONG Min^,

School of Civil and Envioronmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 计算多段微差起爆合成振速对城市隧道低振速爆破设计具有非常重要的意义，因普通雷管实际每段都有延时误差，这些误差对低振速指标下微差合成振动影响不能忽略，但各段延时范围将形成海量的多孔微差合成振动曲线导致难以计算。为解决这一问题，将现场单孔爆破曲线作为震源波形，利用傅里叶级数拟合曲线，根据实测各段雷管延时范围特点，采用多级循环嵌套的逻辑语言编写MATLAB计算程序，成功获取8段微差爆破全部可能的合成振动曲线；分析了同段延时误差、不同段之间延时误差对爆破合成振动的影响；以计算合成振动曲线和实测爆破振动曲线对比判定第二临空面形成时间；计算其形成前各段延时范围内所有可能振动曲线后，选择峰值振速不超标的最大药量为设计掏槽药量。在某隧道工程应用表明：第二临空面出现在60 ms，在1.0 kg设计药量下最大计算合成振速0.62 cm/s，与现场实测值吻合较好。
- 单孔 /
- 微差爆破 /
- 合成振速 /
- 第二临空面
Abstract: It's important to calculate the superposed vibration velocity of multi-segments' millisecond blasting for low vibration velocity control in urban tunnels, but each segments of non-electric detonators have delay errors which can't be ignore in vibration's millisecond superposition under a low vibration velocity criterion. If each waves initiated one by one in consider of delay ranges between segments, it will forms a huge number of probable superposed vibration velocity curves which will result in no way to find a solution. To solve this, single-hole blast curve is took as wave of blast source, Fourier series is used to fit the curve. According to the measured time delay ranges of each segments' detonators, logical language is used to write MATLAB routine such as multistage nested loops, it is succeeded to get the probable superposed vibration velocity curves of 8 segments' millisecond blasting. The influence of the delay errors on the blast vibration is analyzed from the same segment and the different segments. The second free surface creation time is determined by compare the computed superposed vibration curve with measured blasting vibration curve. All the probable vibration curves are superposed within the delay ranges of each segments before the surface's formation, the maximum charge is selected as the designed one whose maximum peak result is safe. The application in a tunnel project shows that the second free surface created at 60ms and the maximum superposed vibration velocity is 0.62 cm/s by 1.0 kg design charge, which is in good agreement with the measured results in the field.
- single-hole /
- millisecond blasting /
- superposed vibration velocity /
- second free surface

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图 1 渝中隧道工程各段雷管起爆时间实测图

Figure 1. Initiation times of detonators tested in Yuzhong tunnel project

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图 2 合成计算流程

Figure 2. Superposition calculation process

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图 3 掏槽区布孔及单孔爆破振动波形

Figure 3. Arrangement of cut-holes and single-hole vibration wave

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图 4 8波叠加正向最不利情况时预测波形

Figure 4. Worst predict waveform superposed by eight waves

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图 5 各幅值分量与单孔波形对应关系

Figure 5. Corresponding relations between velocity components and single waveforms

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图 6 实测与合成爆破振动波形对比

Figure 6. Comparison between the measured and superposed blasting vibration waveforms

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图 7 第二临空面形成前波形合成

Figure 7. Waveforms superposition before appearance of the second free surface

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图 8 设计CD法爆破开挖

Figure 8. Blasting excavation design of CD method

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图 9 两种方法结果对比

Figure 9. Compare the results of two methods

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图 10 两种方法求四列波叠加波形

Figure 10. Find superposed waveform of four waves by two methods

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图 11 振速分量的位置关系对比

Figure 11. Position relations comparison of velocity components

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表 1 计算机运行时间统计

Table 1. Statistical results of computer running times

波数/列	程序运行时间/s	运行时间倍数	新增Δ t_i取值个数
3	0.33		6
4	2.59	7.74	6
5	16.47	6.36	5
6	243.47	14.78	12
7	3191.78	13.11	11
8	15150.82	4.75	4

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表 2 最大合成振动速度及对应微差时间组

Table 2. Maximum superposed vibration velocity and corresponding millisecond times

振动方向	m	F(t)_max/(cm·s^-1)	Δ t_{2, 1}/ms	Δ t_{3, 2}/ms	Δ t_{4, 3}/ms	Δ t_{5, 4}/ms	Δ t_{6, 5}/ms	Δ t_{7, 6}/ms	Δ t_{8, 7}/ms
正向	3	0.75	38	51
	4	1.05	44	43	27
	5	1.05	44	43	27	20
	6	1.31	42	50	19	22	29
	7	1.34	47	45	21	19	22	29
	8	1.34	47	45	21	19	22	29	12
负向	3	0.55	39	48
	4	0.75	48	42	24
	5	0.80	37	50	23	25
	6	0.89	44	48	19	23	25
	7	0.90	37	50	27	20	23	25
	8	1.08	37	50	27	21	23	25	9

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