高应力岩体爆破卸荷过程中应变率及应变能特征

陈洋; 吴亮; 陈明; 向晓锐; 杨德明

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0225

高应力岩体爆破卸荷过程中应变率及应变能特征

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0225

陈洋^{1, 2,},
吴亮^{1, 2, ,},
陈明³,
向晓锐^{1, 2},
杨德明^{1, 2}

1.
武汉科技大学理学院工程力学系，湖北武汉 430065
2.
中铁港航-武汉科技大学爆破技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430065
3.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51479147，51779193)；武汉科技大学研究生创新创业基金(JCX2017026)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈　洋(1994－　)，男，硕士研究生，chenyangwust@sina.com

通讯作者:
吴　亮(1980－　)，男，博士，副教授，wuliangwust@sina.com

中图分类号: O382.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-21
- 修回日期: 2019-06-11
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Characteristics of strain rate and strain energy during blasting unloading of high stress rock mass

CHEN Yang^{1, 2
,},
WU Liang^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Ming³,
XIANG Xiaorui^{1, 2},
YANG Deming^{1, 2}

1.
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
2.
Blasting Technology Research Center, CRPCE-WUST, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 针对高应力岩体爆破开挖卸载问题，自制了一台轴向加、卸载实验测试平台，通过实验测试获得了爆破卸荷过程中岩杆的动态应变及应变率数据。实测数据表明：开挖面附近岩体的爆破加、卸载以及初始应力卸载应变率均在10⁻¹ s⁻¹量级以上，验证了高地应力区岩体爆破开挖卸荷是一动态过程。建立了初始应力卸载一维力学模型，揭示了卸载波的传播机制；通过分析爆破卸荷过程应变能密度的时空分布特征，建立了应变能密度与各阶段应变率变化规律的联系。结合实测数据，采用隐式-显式顺序求解方法，进一步分析了高应力区岩体爆破卸荷荷载各阶段应变率沿岩杆的变化规律。结果表明：爆破加载阶段的平均应变率沿杆件逐渐衰减，且衰减速度逐渐减小；爆破卸阶段平均应变率沿杆件也呈衰减趋势；而初始应力的应变能稳定释放，其平均应变率无衰减趋势。
- 岩体 /
- 应变率 /
- 应变能 /
- 地应力 /
- 动态卸荷
Abstract: To explore the unloading of blasting excavation in highly-stressed rock masses for hydropower stations, an axial loading and unloading test platform was independently developed. The dynamic strain and strain rate data of rock bars during the blasting process were experimentally obtained. The measured data indicate that the strain rates in the rock bars are all above 10⁻¹ s⁻¹ during the blasting loading and unloading and the initial stress unloading near the excavation face. It is verified that the unloading of blasting excavation in the highly-stressed rock mass is a dynamic process. A one-dimensional mechanical model for the initial stress unloading was established, and the propagation mechanism of the unloading wave was revealed. By analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the strain energy density in the blasting unloading process, the relationship between the strain energy density and the strain rate rule in various stages of blasting was established. Based on the measured data, the implicit-explicit sequential solution method was applied to further analyze the variation of strain rate along the rock bar in different stages of the loading and unloading in deep rock mass. The results show that the average strain rate and the decay rate decrease gradually in the loading stage of the blasting. And the average strain rate in the unloading stage of the blasting decreases along the bar, while the strain energy induced by the initial stress can release steadily, and the corresponding average strain rate has no attenuation trend.
- rock mass /
- strain rate /
- strain energy /
- ground stress /
- dynamic unloading

HTML全文

图 1 地下厂房洞室群开挖程序图

Figure 1. Scheme of excavation procedure for underground hydropower station

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图 2 地下厂房底板爆破区

Figure 2. Blasting area of the floor in an underground hydropower station

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图 3 一维初始应力卸载力学模型

Figure 3. one-dimensional mechanical model of initial stress unloading

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图 4 岩杆轴向加、卸载实验装置

Figure 4. The experimental device for axial loading and unloading on a rock bar

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图 5 不同位置处动态应变曲线实验结果与理论结果的比较

Figure 5. Comparison between experimental and theoretical results for dynamic strain curves at different positions

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图 6 爆破卸载实验示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of blasting unloading experiment

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图 7 实验中应变计2实测的动态应变信号

Figure 7. Dynamic strain signals measured by strain gauge 2

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图 8 数值计算模型

Figure 8. Numerical calculation model

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图 9 HJC模型中岩石的静水压力p与体积应变μ的关系

Figure 9. Relation between hydrostatic pressure p and volume strain μ of rock in the HJC model

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图 10 不同应力水平下动态应变及对应的荷载曲线

Figure 10. Dynamic strain and corresponding load curves under different stress levels

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图 11 动态应变时程曲线

Figure 11. Dynamic strain varying with time

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图 12 爆破加载阶段平均应变率沿杆的分布曲线

Figure 12. Distribution of average strain rate along the bar in the loading stage of blasting load

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图 13 爆破荷载卸载阶段平均应变率沿杆的分布曲线

Figure 13. Distribution of average strain rate along the barin the unloading stage of blasting load

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图 14 初始应力卸载阶段应变率峰值沿杆的分布曲线

Figure 14. Distribution of average strain rate along the bar in the unloading stage of initial stress

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图 15 应变能密度时空分布

Figure 15. Space-time distribution of strain energy density

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表 1 不同初始应力下爆破实验各阶段应变率

Table 1. Average strain rates at various stages in blasting experiments under different initial stresses

应变计	0 MPa		5 MPa			10 MPa
应变计	阶段 1	阶段 2	阶段 1	阶段 2	阶段 3	阶段 1	阶段 2	阶段 3
1^#	−7.28	2.95	−14.48	7.03	1.47	−18.76	13.24	4.09
2^#	−6.74	2.61	−6.27	5.17	1.45	−13.43	7.74	3.31
3^#	−5.62	3.56	−3.46	3.72	1.31	−14.65	6.25	4.24

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