Hopkinson拉杆平板挂钩试件结构智能协同优化

黄德东; 王清华; 邢亮亮; 徐丰; 吴斌

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0371

Hopkinson拉杆平板挂钩试件结构智能协同优化

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0371

黄德东^1,,
王清华¹,
邢亮亮²,
徐丰^1, ,,
吴斌¹

1.
西北工业大学航天学院，陕西西安 710072
2.
北京电子工程总体研究所，北京 100854

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11702224）；陕西省自然科学基金（2018JQ1062）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄德东（1982－　），男，博士，助理研究员，huangdedong@nwpu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
徐　丰（1985－　），男，博士，助理研究员，xufeng@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383; TB302.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-26
- 修回日期: 2019-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Intelligent collaborative optimization of structural parameters for hook-sheet specimens used in split Hopkinson tensile bar

1.
Institute of Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
2.
Beijing Institude of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 与霍普金森拉杆装置中常用的螺纹、胶粘等固定连接方式相比，平板挂钩试件具有连接形式简单、可实现快速组装等优势。针对平板挂钩试件在拉伸过程中因结构几何效应引起的数据测量误差问题，基于影响拉伸试件测量精度的指标：应力平衡达到时间、变形均匀程度、过渡段相对变形以及非轴向力水平，采用正交试验设计、反向传播（back propagation，BP）神经网络与遗传算法相结合的多目标智能协同优化算法对平板挂钩试件的结构参数进行优化，得到了平板挂钩试件最优的结构参数组合，有限元模拟和实验验证了最优结构参数的有效性。该研究结果可为基于平板挂钩试件的霍普金森拉伸实验的数据可靠性分析提供参考。
- SHTB实验技术 /
- 平板挂钩试件 /
- 测量精度 /
- 有限元分析 /
- 多目标优化
Abstract: Compared with the fixed connection methods such as thread and adhesive commonly used in the split Hopkinson tensile bar experiments, the hook-sheet specimen has the advantages of simple connection form and quick assembly process. Aiming at measurement uncertainty caused by structural geometric effect of the hook-sheet specimen during the stretching process, based on the indicators for measurement accuracy of hook-sheet specimen, such as response of stress equilibrium, deformation uniformity, relative deformation of the transition zones and non-axial stress level, this paper adopted the multi-objective intelligent collaborative optimization algorithm which comprises orthogonal experimental design, back propagation (BP) neural network and genetic algorithm to optimize the structural parameters of hook-sheet specimen. The optimal structural parameters for hook-sheet specimen is thus obtained and the validity of the optimal structural parameters is verified by finite element simulations and experiments. The results provide a reference for data reliability analysis of split Hopkinson tensile bar experiments based on hook-joint sheet specimen.
- SHTB experimental technique /
- hook-sheet specimen /
- measurement accuracy /
- finite element analysis /
- multi-objective optimization

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图 1 分离式霍普金森拉杆装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of a split Hopkinson tensile bar device

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图 2 与试件连接的杆端的结构及尺寸

Figure 2. Structure and dimensions of the tensile bar end connected to the specimen

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图 3 1 500 s⁻¹应变率下AA5182真实应力-真实应变实验曲线

Figure 3. True stress-true strain curves of AA5182 at the strain rate of 1 500 s⁻¹

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图 4 试件结构及尺寸

Figure 4. Structure and dimensions of the specimen

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图 5 试件及其连接区域的细化网格

Figure 5. Refined mesh of the specimen and its connected zone

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图 6 标距段范围内沿试件中心线选取的路径

Figure 6. The path taken along the centerline of the specimen in the central section

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图 7 试件的轴向应力偏差随时间变化

Figure 7. Relative deviation of axial stress in the specimen with time

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图 8 轴向应力与非轴向应力沿路径的分布

Figure 8. Axial stress and non-axial stress along the path

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图 9 非轴向应力/轴向应力比值沿路径的分布

Figure 9. Ratio of non-axial stress/axial stress along the path

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图 10 单波加载后试件中的轴向应变分布

Figure 10. Distribution of axial strain in specimen after single wave

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图 11 智能协同优化方案流程图

Figure 11. The flow chart of intelligent collaborative optimization

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图 12 最小目标值随遗传代数的变化

Figure 12. The change of minimum objective function in each generation

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图 13 优化后试件的结构

Figure 13. The structure and dimensions of the optimized specimen

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图 14 优化试件的1/4模型网格

Figure 14. The 1/4 meshed model of the optimized specimen

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图 15 优化试件轴向应变云图

Figure 15. Distribution of axial strain in the optimized specimen

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图 16 加载前的最优结构试件

Figure 16. The specimen with optimal structure before loading

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图 17 试件轴向应变分布云图

Figure 17. Distributed cloud map of axial strain of the specimen

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图 18 轴向应变分布数值模拟与实验结果的比较

Figure 18. Comparison of axial strain distribution between simulation and experiment

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图 19 试件轴向变形分布云图

Figure 19. Contour of axial deformation of the specimen

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表 1 试件各段变形量及过渡段相对变形

Table 1. The deformation of each section of the specimen and the relative deformation of the transition zone

前过渡段变形量	标距段变形量	后过渡段变形量	过渡段相对变形
0.20 mm	1.62 mm	0.21 mm	20.20%

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表 2 结构参数正交试验设计表

Table 2. Orthogonal test table of structural parameters

试验编号	结构参数（单位：mm）						应力平衡达到时间E/μs	应变方差V/10⁻³	过渡段相对变形D	非轴向应力水平N
试验编号	L₁	W₁	L₂	W₂	R	T	应力平衡达到时间E/μs	应变方差V/10⁻³	过渡段相对变形D	非轴向应力水平N
01	6	2	12	3	0.5	0.6	18.00	0.470 5	0.051 7	0.038 1
02	6	3	13	4	1	0.9	18.00	0.442 9	0.136 0	0.042 1
03	6	4	14	5	2	1.2	18.61	0.566 7	0.249 9	0.049 7
04	6	6	15	6	2.5	1.5	18.85	0.571 3	0.309 1	0.056 6
05	6	8	16	7	3	1.8	20.80	0.525 6	0.351 4	0.081 5
06	7	2	13	5	2.5	1.8	21.45	0.139 6	0.221 9	0.021 4
07	7	3	14	6	3	0.6	21.00	0.195 4	0.283 1	0.023 8
08	7	4	15	7	0.5	0.9	21.00	0.879 6	0.014 9	0.075 0
09	7	6	16	3	1	1.2	21.50	0.950 6	0.114 0	0.082 9
10	7	8	12	4	2	1.5	22.00	0.805 5	0.230 2	0.081 0
11	8	2	14	7	1	1.5	22.50	0.228 9	0.074 0	0.032 9
12	8	3	15	3	2	1.8	23.00	0.235 8	0.196 7	0.030 0
13	8	4	16	4	2.5	0.6	22.79	0.281 7	0.244 5	0.032 9
14	8	6	12	5	3	0.9	22.81	0.371 7	0.287 4	0.046 2
15	8	8	13	6	0.5	1.2	22.81	1.593 2	0.074 6	0.125 3
16	9	2	15	4	3	1.2	24.00	0.085 9	0.196 9	0.011 0
17	9	3	16	5	0.5	1.5	23.50	0.774 2	0.034 6	0.048 7
18	9	4	12	6	1	1.8	24.00	0.317 8	0.061 0	0.044 9
19	9	6	13	7	2	0.6	23.41	0.472 1	0.194 6	0.050 4
20	9	8	14	3	2.5	0.9	24.00	0.607 0	0.230 4	0.060 7
21	10	2	16	6	2	0.9	25.20	0.154 7	0.138 7	0.013 5
22	10	3	12	7	2.5	1.2	25.20	0.192 6	0.191 7	0.019 4
23	10	4	13	3	3	1.5	25.00	0.211 6	0.224 4	0.022 7
24	10	6	14	4	0.5	1.8	25.01	1.442 4	0.027 0	0.086 6
25	10	8	15	5	1	0.6	24.00	1.117 4	0.096 9	0.088 8

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表 3 测试样本数据

Table 3. The data of test samples

测试试验	结构参数（单位：mm）						应力平衡达到时间E/μs	应变方差V/10⁻³	过渡段相对变形D	非轴向应力水平N
测试试验	L₁	W₁	L₂	W₂	R	T	应力平衡达到时间E/μs	应变方差V/10⁻³	过渡段相对变形D	非轴向应力水平N
01	6	3	14	6	1	1.5	18.77	0.285 4	0.119 2	0.047 7
02	8	2	12	5	2	1.2	22.68	0.203 5	0.162 4	0.018 7
03	10	4	16	7	2.5	0.9	25.12	0.276 9	0.205 3	0.029 0

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表 4 各项指标及目标值网络预测与实际情况的比较

Table 4. The comparison of predicted and actual values of indicators and objective function

指标/目标值	1			2			3
指标/目标值	实际值	预测值	误差/%	实际值	预测值	误差/%	实际值	预测值	误差/%
应力平达到衡时间 E/μs	18.77	17.89	4.7	22.68	20.15	11.2	25.12	27.45	9.2
应变方差 V/10⁻³	0.285 4	0.263 3	7.7	0.203 5	0.185 7	8.7	0.276 9	0.299 4	8.1
过渡段相对变形 D	0.119 2	0.104 0	12.8	0.162 4	0.163 8	0.9	0.205 3	0.210 7	2.6
非轴向应力水平 N	0.047 7	0.050 1	5.0	0.018 7	0.020 8	11.2	0.029 0	0.029 5	1.7
目标函数值 Obj	3.009 9	2.887 7	4.1	2.716 7	2.620 6	3.5	3.417 3	3.604 6	5.5

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表 5 优化试件各段变形量及过渡段相对变形

Table 5. The deformation of each section of the optimized specimen and the relative deformation of the transition zone

前过渡段变形量	标距段变形量	后过渡段变形量	过渡段相对变形
0.16 mm	2.03 mm	0.16 mm	13.62%

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表 6 优化前后各项指标的比较

Table 6. The comparison of various indicators before and after the optimization

指标	优化前	优化后	增大（↑）或降低（↓）
应力平衡达到时间E/μs	22.81	24.75	8.51%↑
应变方差V/10⁻³	0.598 8	0.135 1	77.44%↓
过渡段相对变形 D	0.202 0	0.136 2	32.57%↓
非轴向应力水平 N	0.056 3	0.018 8	66.61%↓

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表 7 各段变形值实验与计算的比较

Table 7. Comparison of deformation of transition zones between simulations and experiments

变形段	计算值	实验值	相对偏差
前过渡段	0.16 mm	0.13 mm	18.75%
后过渡段	0.16 mm	0.15 mm	6.25%
标距段	2.03 mm	2.12 mm	4.43%
相对变形	13.62%	11.67%	14.32%

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表 8 参考试件与优化试件数值模拟和实验结果的对比

Table 8. The comparison of simulated and experimental results between reference specimen and optimized specimen

指标	参考试件			优化试件
指标	计算	实验	相对偏差	计算	实验	相对偏差
过渡段相对变形/%	20.20	22.31	10.45%	13.62	11.67	14.32%
标距段变形均匀度/10⁻³	0.598 8	0.544 6	9.05%	0.135 1	0.145 5	7.70%

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