激光选区熔化增材制造GP1不锈钢动态拉伸力学响应与层裂破坏

史同亚 刘东升 陈伟 谢普初 汪小锋 王永刚

史同亚, 刘东升, 陈伟, 谢普初, 汪小锋, 王永刚. 激光选区熔化增材制造GP1不锈钢动态拉伸力学响应与层裂破坏[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(7): 073101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0015
引用本文: 史同亚, 刘东升, 陈伟, 谢普初, 汪小锋, 王永刚. 激光选区熔化增材制造GP1不锈钢动态拉伸力学响应与层裂破坏[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(7): 073101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0015
SHI Tongya, LIU Dongsheng, CHEN Wei, XIE Puchu, WANG Xiaofeng, WANG Yonggang. Dynamic tensile behavior and spall fracture of GP1 stainless steel processed by selective laser melting[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2019, 39(7): 073101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0015
Citation: SHI Tongya, LIU Dongsheng, CHEN Wei, XIE Puchu, WANG Xiaofeng, WANG Yonggang. Dynamic tensile behavior and spall fracture of GP1 stainless steel processed by selective laser melting[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2019, 39(7): 073101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0015

激光选区熔化增材制造GP1不锈钢动态拉伸力学响应与层裂破坏

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0015
基金项目: 科学挑战专题(TZ2018001)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    史同亚(1992- ),男,硕士,819330522@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    王永刚(1976- ),男,博士,教授,wangyonggang@nbu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O347.3

Dynamic tensile behavior and spall fracture of GP1 stainless steel processed by selective laser melting

  • 摘要: 采用选择性激光熔化增材制造技术,制备了GP1不锈钢单轴拉伸板条试样和层裂圆片试样,并对材料微观结构进行了表征。借助Zwick-HTM5020 高速拉伸试验机,并结合数字图像相关性全场应变测量技术,开展了增材制造GP1不锈钢材料的轴向拉伸力学性能实验研究,得到了不同应变率下材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线,结果显示:(1) GP1不锈钢流动应力具有比较显著的应变强化效应;(2)通过回收试样的电子背散射衍射表征,发现GP1不锈钢在拉伸变形过程中会发生奥氏体与马氏体之间的相变;(3) GP1不锈钢的屈服应力随着应变率呈幂指数增大,断裂应变在中低应变率下保持不变,但在高应变率下则显著减小。采用一级轻气炮实验装置和激光干涉粒子速度测量技术,开展了增材制造GP1不锈钢的层裂实验,发现GP1不锈钢的层裂强度随着飞片撞击速度增大而减小。单轴拉伸试样断口和层裂试样断口的显微分析结果表明:随着应变率增大,单轴拉伸断裂模式和断裂机理都发生了转变;层裂损伤易成核于激光熔池边界线的交汇处,断口韧窝形貌明显区别于单向拉伸断口。
  • 图  1  GP1不锈钢粉末扫描电子显微镜形貌

    Figure  1.  Scanning electron microscope morphology of GP1 stainless steel powder

    图  2  粒径分布图

    Figure  2.  Powder size distribution for GP1 stainless steel powder

    图  3  试样设计尺寸、成型后试样照片以及成型工艺过程示意图

    Figure  3.  Sample design dimension, sample photograph after moulding and schematic diagram of moulding process

    图  4  激光选区熔化法制备的GP1不锈钢光学显微结构

    Figure  4.  Optical images of GP1 stainless steel processed by selective laser melting

    图  5  激光选区熔化法制备的GP1不锈钢显微结构的电子背散射衍射表征

    Figure  5.  Electron backscattered diffraction images of GP1 stainless steel processed by selective laser melting

    图  6  HTM-5020高速拉伸材料试验机、试样夹具及试样散斑图

    Figure  6.  HTM-5020 high-speed machine, sample fixture, and speckle image of specimen

    图  7  应变片粘贴在GP1不锈钢试样的位置

    Figure  7.  Position of strain gauge pasted on GP1 stainless steel specimen

    图  8  层裂实验装置示意图

    Figure  8.  Schematics of the setup for spallation experiment

    图  9  闭环控制时力与速度时程曲线

    Figure  9.  Force and velocity profiles under closed loading control mode

    图  10  不同应变率下的加载速度时程曲线

    Figure  10.  Velocity profiles at different strain rates

    图  11  不同应变率下的力时程曲线

    Figure  11.  Force profiles at different strain rates

    图  12  不同时刻的GP1不锈钢试样标距段应变分布云图(应变率为10−2 s−1)

    Figure  12.  Strain distributions of GP1 stainless sample at different times (strain rate is 10−2 s−1)

    图  13  不同应变率下GP1不锈钢的真实应力-应变曲线

    Figure  13.  True stress-true strain curves of GP1 stainless steel at different strain rates

    图  14  GP1不锈钢中奥氏体和马氏体体积分数电子背散射衍射表征(黄色代表奥氏体,红色代表马氏体)

    Figure  14.  Electron backscattered diffraction characterizations of volume fraction for austenite and martensite in GP1 stainless steel (yellow represents austenite, red represents martensite)

    图  15  GP1不锈钢屈服应力随着应变率的变化曲线

    Figure  15.  Yield stress variation of GP1 stainless steel with strain rate

    图  16  不同初始速度下GP1不锈钢的自由面速度剖面

    Figure  16.  Free-surface velocity profiles of GP1 stainless steel at different initial velocities

    图  17  不同应变率下GP1不锈钢的宏观断口以及微观形貌

    Figure  17.  Macro-fracture and micro-morphology of GP1 stainless steel at different strain rates

    图  18  不同初始速度下的层裂剖面

    Figure  18.  Spall profiles at different initial velocities

    图  19  初始层裂的微观金相

    Figure  19.  Microscopic metallographic phase of initial spallation

    图  20  GP1不锈钢层裂断口微观形貌

    Figure  20.  Micrographs of ductile fractures in GP1 stainless steel spallation

    表  1  一维应变平板撞击实验结果

    Table  1.   Results of one-dimensional strain plane impact test

    实验编号初始速度/(m·s−1)Δu/(m·s−1)σHEL/GPaσy/GPaσs/GPa
    1250176.231.781.013.91
    2270174.971.791.023.88
    3350169.991.851.053.76
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-01-16
  • 修回日期:  2019-03-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2019-06-25
  • 刊出日期:  2019-07-01

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