受限空间内甲醇喷雾液滴形成及其爆炸特性

臧小为; 虞浩; 吕启申; 潘旭海; 蒋军成

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0128

受限空间内甲醇喷雾液滴形成及其爆炸特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0128

臧小为^{1, 2, 3,},
虞浩¹,
吕启申¹,
潘旭海^{1, 2, 3, ,},
蒋军成^{1, 2, 3}

1.
南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211816
2.
南京工业大学火灾与消防研究所，江苏南京 211816
3.
南京工业大学江苏省危险化学品本质安全与控制技术重点实验室，江苏南京 211816

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0804700，2016YFC0800100）

详细信息

作者简介:
臧小为（1984－　），男，博士，讲师，nanozang@njtech.edu.cn

通讯作者:
潘旭海（1977－　），男，博士，教授，xuhaipan@njtech.edu.cn

中图分类号: O381; X932
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-16
- 修回日期: 2019-09-02
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-01

Formation and explosion characteristics of methanol spray droplets in confined space

ZANG Xiaowei^{1, 2, 3
,},
YU Hao¹,
LYU Qishen¹,
PAN Xuhai^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
JIANG Juncheng^{1, 2, 3}

1.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
2.
Institute of Fire Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
3.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为防控工业喷雾爆炸和完善喷雾爆炸测试方法,在20 L球形喷雾爆炸测试系统内，实验研究了不同环境压力、喷射压力及浓度下的甲醇喷雾液滴形成及爆炸特性规律。结果表明：增大喷射压力更易致使甲醇破碎成微小液滴，甲醇喷雾液滴爆炸极限范围变宽；环境压力的增大导致甲醇喷雾液滴粒径变大，喷雾液滴爆炸极限范围变窄，一定程度上可以有效抑制甲醇泄露可能导致的次生衍生事故发生。当爆炸容器内环境压力为0.1 MPa、喷射压力为2.1 MPa、甲醇喷雾浓度为356.4 g/m³、甲醇液滴索太尔平均直径为2.5 μm时，爆炸特性参数（最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率及层流燃烧速度）在上述拐点处取得最大值；小粒径（1～15 μm）的液滴在外界能量作用下，更易被点燃，且爆炸过程中瞬态物理化学反应更为迅速和剧烈；较大粒径(22 μm以上)的液滴会出现点火困难现象，然而点火成功后，爆炸特性参数均随甲醇喷雾浓度增加而增加，呈现近似线性规律，此时液滴粒径对上述爆炸特性参数的影响可以忽略。研究结果有助于理解喷雾液滴爆炸规律、完善相应测试方法和安全设计。
- 甲醇 /
- 喷射压力 /
- 环境压力 /
- 液滴粒径 /
- 爆炸特性
Abstract: In order to improve the standard testing method of droplet explosion, the droplet formation process and explosion characteristics of methanol were experimentally studied in the 20 L spherical spray testing system, under different ambient pressures, injection pressures and concentrations. The results show that the increasing of injection pressure is more likely to cause the methanol to break into tiny droplets, leading the explosion limit range of methanol droplets broadened. The increasing of ambient pressure would change the explosion limit range of methanol droplet, and can effectively inhibit the explosion accident caused by methanol leakage. When the ambient pressure is 0.1 MPa, and the injection pressure is 2.1 MPa, with the spray concentration of methanol is 356.4 g/m³, the droplet size of the methanol is 2.5 μm. The maximum explosive pressure, the maximum explosion pressure rising rate and the laminar burning rate are the highest at this inflection point. Small droplets (1−15 μm) are more easily ignited by external energy, and the transient physical and chemical reactions are more rapid and violent during explosion. Larger droplets (more than 22 μm) will cause ignition difficult. However, after the ignition is successful, the explosion characteristics increase with the increasing of methanol droplet concentration, showing an approximate linear rule. At this time, the influence of droplet size of methanol on the above explosion characteristics can be neglected. The results could be helpful to understand the law of droplet explosion, improve the testing method and safety design.
- methanol /
- injection pressure /
- ambient pressure /
- droplet size /
- explosion characteristics

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图 1 实验装置

Figure 1. Experimental system

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图 2 马尔文Spraytec喷雾粒度仪系统

Figure 2. Material laser diffraction system

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图 3 压力、浓度对甲醇液滴粒径的影响

Figure 3. Effects of pressure and concentrationon on droplet size of methanol

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图 4 温度对甲醇液滴粒径的影响

Figure 4. Effect of temperatures on droplet size of methanol

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图 5 喷射压力、浓度对甲醇喷雾液滴爆炸特性的影响

Figure 5. Effects of injection pressure and concentration on methanol droplet explosion

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图 6 环境压力、浓度对甲醇喷雾爆炸特性的影响

Figure 6. Effects of ambient pressure and concentration on methanol droplet explosion

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表 1 甲醇喷雾浓度与化学当量比的对应关系

Table 1. Relationship between methanol spray concentration and its chemical equivalence ratio

ρ_m/（g·m⁻³）	φ
39.6	0.2
118.8	0.6
198.0	1.0
277.2	1.4
356.4	1.8
435.6	2.2
514.8	2.6

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表 2 喷射压力对甲醇液滴云爆炸极限的影响

Table 2. Effect of injection pressure on explosion limit of methanol droplet explosion

ρ_m/（g·m⁻³）	p_j/MPa	点火成功	ρ_m/（g·m⁻³）	p_j/MPa	点火成功	ρ_m/（g·m⁻³）	p_j/MPa	点火成功
198.0	1.5	否	277.2	1.5	是	554.4	1.5	否
198.0	1.7	否	277.2	1.7	是	554.4	1.7	是
198.0	1.9	是	277.2	1.9	是	554.4	1.9	是
198.0	2.1	是	277.2	2.1	是	554.4	2.1	是
198.0	2.3	是	277.2	2.3	是	554.4	2.3	是

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表 3 环境压力对甲醇液滴云爆炸极限的影响

Table 3. Effect of ambient pressure on explosion limit of methanol droplet explosion

ρ_m/（g·m⁻³）	p_a/MPa	点火成功	ρ_m/（g·m⁻³）	p_a/MPa	点火成功
198.0	0.100	是	356.4	0.100	是
198.0	0.125	否	356.4	0.125	是
198.0	0.150	否	356.4	0.150	是
198.0	0.175	否	356.4	0.175	是
198.0	0.200	否	356.4	0.200	否
277.2	0.100	是	594.0	0.100	否
277.2	0.125	是	594.0	0.125	是
277.2	0.150	是	594.0	0.150	是
277.2	0.175	是	594.0	0.175	是
277.2	0.200	否	594.0	0.200	是

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表 4 喷射压力对爆炸指数的影响

Table 4. Effect of injection pressure on explosion index of methanol droplet explosion

p_j/MPa	ρ_m/(g·m⁻³)	K_st/(MPa·m·s⁻¹)	p_j/MPa	ρ_m/(g·m⁻³)	K_st/(MPa·m·s⁻¹)	p_j/MPa	ρ_m/(g·m⁻³)	K_st/(MPa·m·s⁻¹)
1.5	198.0	10.753	1.5	356.4	26.682	1.5	514.8	29.072
1.7	198.0	12.744	1.7	356.4	28.676	1.7	514.8	36.240
1.9	198.0	16.328	1.9	356.4	48.187	1.9	514.8	39.824
2.1	198.0	20.310	2.1	356.4	72.878	2.1	514.8	48.984
2.3	198.0	13.540	2.3	356.4	31.461	2.3	514.8	41.815
1.5	277.2	23.098	1.5	435.6	29.072
1.7	277.2	24.691	1.7	435.6	36.240
1.9	277.2	25.886	1.9	435.6	39.824
2.1	277.2	51.772	2.1	435.6	59.736
2.3	277.2	26.682	2.3	435.6	46.196

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表 5 环境压力对爆炸指数的影响

Table 5. Effect of ambient pressure on explosion index of methanol droplet explosion

p_a/MPa	ρ_m/(g·m⁻³)	K_st/(MPa·m·s⁻¹)	p_a/MPa	ρ_m/(g·m⁻³)	K_st/(MPa·m·s⁻¹)
0.100	198.0	20.310	0.100	435.6	59.736
0.100	277.2	51.772	0.125	435.6	24.293
0.125	277.2	14.735	0.150	435.6	13.939
0.150	277.2	9.306	0.175	435.6	9.750
0.175	277.2	7.567	0.200	435.6	8.759
0.100	356.4	72.878	0.100	514.8	48.984
0.125	356.4	20.310	0.125	514.8	26.861
0.150	356.4	12.779	0.150	514.8	15.531
0.175	356.4	7.965	0.175	514.8	10.354
0.200	356.4	6.971	0.200	514.8	9.558

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