密闭空间可燃气体爆炸超压预测

秦毅 陈小伟 黄维

秦毅, 陈小伟, 黄维. 密闭空间可燃气体爆炸超压预测[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(3): 032202. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0175
引用本文: 秦毅, 陈小伟, 黄维. 密闭空间可燃气体爆炸超压预测[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(3): 032202. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0175
QIN Yi, CHEN Xiaowei, HUANG Wei. Overpressure prediction of combustible gas explosion in confined space[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(3): 032202. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0175
Citation: QIN Yi, CHEN Xiaowei, HUANG Wei. Overpressure prediction of combustible gas explosion in confined space[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(3): 032202. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0175

密闭空间可燃气体爆炸超压预测

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0175
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11627901,11872118);重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0351)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    秦 毅(1988- ),男,博士研究生,讲师,qinyi2011@126.com

    通讯作者:

    陈小伟(1967- ),男,博士,教授,chenxiaoweintu@bit.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O389; X932

Overpressure prediction of combustible gas explosion in confined space

  • 摘要: 为避免密闭空间内可燃预混气体爆炸事故造成的伤害,对其进行较为准确的爆炸超压预测是抗爆设计和日常安全管理的关键。结合已有文献实验数据,利用光滑层流火焰传播理论模型建立了爆炸超压模型;对比发现,当体积较大时,光滑层流火焰传播理论模型存在较大的误差。较大体积密闭空间爆炸火焰传播过程中的不稳定性造成火焰前锋面褶皱并引起湍流燃烧,导致火焰前锋面表面积大幅增加,且在火焰传播过程中表现出自相似分形特征。依据褶皱及湍流火焰传播过程中的自相似分形特征,基于分形燃烧理论和相关经验数据,进一步建立了考虑可燃预混气体爆炸火焰褶皱及湍流火焰传播的爆炸超压预测模型,并与实验所得结果进行了对比。结果表明:当密闭空间体积较大时,利用褶皱及湍流火焰传播理论建立的爆炸超压模型进行峰值压力估算时,两种工况下实验所得和理论计算所得相对误差分别为10.4%和11.1%,较光滑层流火焰传播理论爆炸超压模型相比,误差分别减少了72.3%和50.6%。本文所建立理论模型与实验所得结果具有较好的一致性,在一定程度上可满足结构抗爆设计或日常安全管理的需要。
  • 图  1  甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸超压时程曲线

    Figure  1.  Overpressure time history curve of CH4/air mixture gas explosion

    图  2  氢气/空气预混气体爆炸超压时程曲线

    Figure  2.  Overpressure time history curve of H2/air mixture gas explosion

    图  3  爆炸火焰传播

    Figure  3.  Diagram of explosion flame propagation

    图  4  火焰传播速度时程曲线

    Figure  4.  Flame propagation velocity time history curves

    图  5  甲烷/空气混合气体爆炸超压时程曲线(V=3.8 m3

    Figure  5.  Overpressure of CH4/air mixture gas explosion

    图  6  氢气/空气混合气体爆炸超压时程曲线(V=6.7 m3

    Figure  6.  Overpressure of H2/air mixture gas explosion

    表  1  各实验条件[15-17]

    Table  1.   Experimental conditions

    实验可燃气类型体积浓度b/%体积V/m3初始温度T0/K初始压力P0/MPaSL/(cm·s−1
    1CH410.00.122980.1 37
    2CH410.03.802940.1 35
    3H230.00.122980.1273
    4H229.56.373730.1434
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  实验与理论计算峰值超压值

    Table  2.   Peak overpressure of experimental and theoretical calculations

    实验实验超压/MPa光滑层流火焰传播理论褶皱及湍流理论火焰传播理论
    峰值超压/MPa相对误差/% 峰值超压/MPa相对误差/%
    10.760.76 0
    22.440.4282.72.2210.4
    30.750.72 3.0
    40.450.1566.70.5011.1
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 柏小娜, 李向东, 杨亚东. 封闭空间内爆炸冲击波超压计算模型及分布特性研究 [J]. 爆破器材, 2015, 44(3): 22–26. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2015.03.005.

    BAI X N, LI X D, YANG Y D. Calculation model and the distribution of wave pressure under internal explosion in closed space [J]. Explosive Materials, 2015, 44(3): 22–26. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2015.03.005.
    [2] 邢存震, 唐恩凌, 梁德刚, 等. 密闭空间内爆炸冲击波超压特性试验研究 [J]. 沈阳理工大学学报, 2017, 36(1): 33–37. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1251.2017.01.009.

    XING C Z, TANG E L, LIANG D G, et al. Study on the characteristics of shockwave overpressure in enclosed space [J]. Journal of Shenyang Ligong University, 2017, 36(1): 33–37. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1251.2017.01.009.
    [3] 周清. 密闭空间内爆炸引起的内壁超压分布规律及简化计算研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2008: 28-35.
    [4] 杨亚东, 李向东, 王晓鸣. 长方体密闭结构内爆炸冲击波传播与叠加分析模型 [J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(8): 1449–1455. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.08.016.

    YANG Y D, LI X D, WANG X M. An analytical model for propagation and superposition of internal explosion shockwaves in closed cuboid structure [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(8): 1449–1455. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.08.016.
    [5] 孙松, 高康华. 管道内气体爆炸时火焰传播湍流因子的研究 [J]. 煤炭学报, 2016, 41(S2): 441–447. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.0102.

    SUN S, GAO K H. Study on turbulence factors of flame propagation in tube under gas explosion [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(S2): 441–447. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.0102.
    [6] 王成, 胡斌斌. 小尺度管道中CH4-O2爆炸火焰传播规律实验研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2016, 36(8): 784–788. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2016.08.003.

    WANG C, HU B B. Experimental study on the explosive flame propagation of CH4-O2 in small scale pipeline [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016, 36(8): 784–788. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2016.08.003.
    [7] 韦世豪, 杜扬, 王世茂, 等. 不同形状受限空间内油气爆燃特性的实验研究 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2017, 13(5): 41–47. DOI: 10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2017.05.007.

    WEI S H, DU Y, WANG S M, et al. Experimental study on deflagration characteristics of gasoline-air mixture in confined space with different shapes [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2017, 13(5): 41–47. DOI: 10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2017.05.007.
    [8] 黄佩玉. 连通容器内可燃气体爆炸及泄爆过程的数值模拟[D].江西赣州: 江西理工大学, 2015: 2−4.
    [9] 陈明. 管道内甲烷/空气预混火焰加速传播机理研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2010: 27−45.
    [10] 王成, 韩文虎, 宁建国. 火焰加速及爆燃转爆轰机理的大规模数值模拟[C] // 中国力学大会. 西安, 2013: 25.
    [11] 王成, 韩文虎, 宁建国. 边界层和障碍物对湍流火焰加速机理的研究[C] // 第十五届全国激波与激波管学术交流会.杭州, 2012: 110−114.
    [12] 赵衡阳. 气体和粉尘爆炸原理[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 1996: 161−179.
    [13] LEWIS B, Von ELBE G. Combustion, flames and explosions of gases [M]. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press, 1987: 32−34.
    [14] 张宇明, 郜冶, 邹高万, 等. 大尺度管道爆炸火焰速度计算模型 [J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2013, 45(5): 101–107. DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2013.05.019.

    ZHANG Y M, GAO Y, ZOU G W, et al. Calculating model of flame front speed during explosion in full-scale pipe [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013, 45(5): 101–107. DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2013.05.019.
    [15] CASHDOLLAR K L, ZLOCHOWER I A, GREEN G M, et al. Flammability of methane, propane, and hydrogen gases [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2000, 13(3): 327–340. DOI: 10.1016/S0950-4230(99)00037-6.
    [16] CHIPPETT S. Modeling of vented deflagrations [J]. Combustion & Flame, 1984, 55(2): 127–140. DOI: 10.1016/0010-2180(84)90022-1.
    [17] KUMAR R K, TAMM H, HARRISON W C. Combustion of hydrogen at high concentrations [J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 2012, 35(1−4): 175–186. DOI: 10.1080/00102208308923709.
    [18] BEECKMANN J, HESSE R, KRUSE S, et al. Propagation speed and stability of spherically expanding hydrogen/air flames: experimental study and asymptotics [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2016, 36(1): S1881660699. DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.194.
    [19] 黄涛. 抗爆结构在气云爆炸超压及温度共同作用下的响应研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2015: 6−8.
    [20] 高娜. 初始温度和初始压力对瓦斯爆炸特性的影响研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2016: 18−28.
    [21] NISHIMURA I, MOGI T, DOBASHI R. Simple method for predicting pressure behavior during gas explosions in confined spaces considering flame instabilities [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2013, 26(2): 351–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.08.009.
    [22] KIM W K, MOGI T, DOBASHI R. Flame acceleration in unconfined hydrogen/air deflagrations using infrared photography [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2013, 26(6): 1501–1505. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2013.09.009.
    [23] 胡二江. 天然气氢气混合燃料结合EGR的发动机和预混层流燃烧研究[D]. 西安: 西安交通大学, 2010: 131−140.
    [24] SHENG Y, SAHA A, WU F, et al. Morphology and self-acceleration of expanding laminar flames with flame-front cellular instabilities [J]. Combustion & Flame, 2016, 171: 112–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.017.
    [25] 王显刚, 黄佐华, 张志远, 等. 甲醇-空气-氮气混合气预混球型火焰的试验研究 [J]. 内燃机学报, 2009(3): 207–214. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0909.2009.03.003.

    WANG X G, HUANG Z H, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Experimental study on premixed combustion of spherically propagating methanol-air-nitrogen flame [J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2009(3): 207–214. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0909.2009.03.003.
    [26] 暴秀超, 刘福水, 孙作宇. 预混火焰胞状不稳定性研究 [J]. 西华大学学报: 自然科学版, 2014(1): 79–83. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-159X.2014.01.019.

    BAO X C, LIU F S, SUN Z Y. Study on instability of outwardly propagating spherical premixed flame [J]. Journal of Xihua University (Natural Science Edition), 2014(1): 79–83. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-159X.2014.01.019.
    [27] 李龙欢. 球形火焰半径测量技术研究及计算机实现[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2014: 5−9.
    [28] WU F, JOMAAS G, LAW C K. An experimental investigation on self-acceleration of cellular spherical flames [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013, 34(1): 937–945. DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.068.
    [29] 邓名华, 刘乃安. 分形理论在有限容积预混合燃烧研究中的应用 [J]. 消防科学与技术, 2003, 22(3): 191–193. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2003.03.005.

    DENG M H, LIU N A. An application of fractal to modeling premixed combustion in limited volume [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2003, 22(3): 191–193. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2003.03.005.
    [30] 王培勇, ROBERT P, 李琼, 等. 预混火焰拉伸和曲率效率的物理分析 [J]. 工程热物理学报, 2012, 33(6): 1077–1080.

    WANG P Y, ROBERT P, LI Q, et al. Physical analysis of stretch and curvature effects on premixed flame [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012, 33(6): 1077–1080.
    [31] LI Y, BI M, GAO W. Theoretical pressure prediction of confined hydrogen explosion considering flame instabilities [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2019, 57: 320–326. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.01.001.
    [32] 李艳超, 毕明树, 高伟. 耦合火焰不稳定的爆炸超压预测 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(1): 012101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0004.

    LI Y C, BI M S, GAO W. Explosion pressure prediction considering the flame instabilities [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(1): 012101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0004.
    [33] GOULDIN F C. An application of fractals to modeling premixed turbulent flames [J]. Combustion & Flame, 1987, 68(3): 249–266. DOI: 10.1016/0010-2180(87)90003-4.
    [34] KERSTEIN A R. Linear-eddy modeling of turbulent transport [J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 1992, 81(1−3): 75–96. DOI: 10.1080/00102209208951794.
    [35] LIBERMAN M A, IVANOV M F, PEIL O E, et al. Self-acceleration and fractal structure of outward freely propagating flames [J]. Physics of Fluids, 2004, 16(7): 2476–2482. DOI: 10.1063/1.1729852.
    [36] YOSHIDA A, KASAHARA M, TSUJI H, et al. Fractal geometry application in estimation of turbulent burning velocity of wrinkled laminar flame [J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 1994, 103(1−6): 207–218. DOI: 10.1080/00102209408907695.
    [37] BYCHKOV V V, LIBERMAN M A. Dynamics and stability of premixed flames [J]. Physics Reports, 2000, 325(4−5): 115–237. DOI: 10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00081-2.
  • 加载中
图(6) / 表(2)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  5896
  • HTML全文浏览量:  2069
  • PDF下载量:  110
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-04-28
  • 修回日期:  2019-09-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-02-25
  • 刊出日期:  2020-03-01

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回