氢气泄爆作用下结构动力响应特性研究

郝腾腾; 王昌建; 颜王吉; 任伟新

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0412

氢气泄爆作用下结构动力响应特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0412

郝腾腾^1,,
王昌建¹,
颜王吉^{2, 3, ,},
任伟新¹

1.
合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院，安徽合肥 230009
2.
澳门大学智慧城市物联网国家重点实验室，澳门 999078
3.
澳门大学土木与环境工程系，澳门 999078

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划政府间国际创新合作重点专项（2016YFE0113400）；国家自然科学基金（51778203，51778204，51608162）

详细信息

作者简介:
郝腾腾（1994－　），男，硕士研究生，Civil_Hao@mail.hfut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
颜王吉（1985－　），男，博士，副教授，civilyanwj@gmail.com

中图分类号: O383.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-25
- 修回日期: 2020-02-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-01

Structural dynamical characteristics induced by vented hydrogen explosion

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
3.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China

摘要

摘要: 氢能因具有环保高效等优点，被公认为21世纪最具发展前景的清洁能源，缺点是在使用过程中极易发生爆炸事故。泄爆作为爆炸防护的重要手段，可以有效提高结构在爆炸过程中的安全性和可靠性。为获得结构在氢气泄爆作用下的动力响应特性，本文从实验和数值模拟两个方面展开研究。在12 m×2.5 m×2.5 m的大尺度ISO标准容器中开展了一系列氢气泄爆实验，主要考虑氢气体积分数、点火位置、障碍物布置等参数的影响，并对结构内部超压荷载特征和动力响应演化规律进行了分析。结果表明，结构位移由首个超压峰值主导，并在该阶段与方舱内超压趋势保持一致，且两者峰值之间保持线性关系；加速度则由不稳定燃烧引起的超压高频振荡主导。在实验范围内，位移峰值受氢气体积分数影响显著，且随着氢气体积分数增大而增大。加速度峰值则还受到点火位置的影响，中心点火的情景要大于后端点火的情景。障碍物数量对结构动力响应的影响并非单调关系。此外，基于现场环境振动测试结果，建立了该结构的基准有限元模型。数值模拟及实验结果吻合良好，因此该基准有限元模型可进一步用于不同工况下氢气泄爆荷载作用下结构动力响应的预测和分析。
- 动力响应 /
- 氢气泄爆 /
- 超压荷载 /
- 基准有限元模型
Abstract: Hydrogen is recognized as one of the most promising energies in the 21st century due to the nature of no pollution and high efficiency, unfortunately, it is likely to suffer from explosion in the process of usage. As one of the important ways of disaster, venting can effectively improve the safety and reliability of the structure under hydrogen explosion. In order to study the dynamical characteristics of the structure under vented hydrogen explosion, experimental and numerical studies were conducted in this paper. On the one hand, a number of scenarios were carried out for vented hydrogen explosion in a large-scale ISO container of 12 m×2.5 m×2.5 m to investigate the effects of hydrogen volume fraction, the position of ignition as well as the arrangement of obstacles on the structural dynamics. The characteristics of internal overpressure load and the evolution mechanism of dynamic response were analyzed. Results indicate that the structural displacements are dominated by the first overpressure peak. The trend of displacement agrees well with that of the overpressure, and there is a linear relationship between their peaks. The acceleration is dominated by high-frequency oscillations of the overpressure caused by unstable combustion. Furthermore, the peak of the displacement is significantly affected by hydrogen volume fraction and increases with the increase of hydrogen volume fraction. The peak acceleration is also affected by the ignition position, and the peak acceleration of central ignition is larger than that of back ignition. Additionally, the effects of the number of obstacles on structural dynamic response are not monotonic. On the other hand, a baseline finite element model of the structure is established based on the ambient vibration testing. The numerical simulation results agree well with those of the experimental results. Therefore, the model can be used to predict structural dynamic responses under vented hydrogen explosion.
- dynamic response /
- vented hydrogen explosion /
- overpressure load /
- baseline finite element model

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图 1 实验装置

Figure 1. Experimental setup

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图 2 传感器布置图

Figure 2. Sensor allocation diagram

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图 3 实验流程

Figure 3. Operation process

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图 4 实验4中各测点超压时程曲线

Figure 4. Overpressure time-history curves from different sensors in test 4

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图 5 实验4中D1处的位移时程曲线

Figure 5. Displacement-time curve at D1 in test 4

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图 6 工况2的位移和超压时程曲线

Figure 6. Displacement and overpressure time-history curves for case 2

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图 7 工况2的加速度和超压时程曲线

Figure 7. Acceleration and overpressure time-history curves for case 2

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图 8 不同工况下Δp₄和Δp₁的比值

Figure 8. Ratios of Δp₄ to Δp₁ for different cases

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图 9 超压峰值和位移峰值关系拟合曲线

Figure 9. Fitting curve of displacement peak value and overpressure peak value

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图 10 响应峰值与氢气体积分数关系

Figure 10. Variations of displacement and acceleration with hydrogen volume fraction

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图 11 方舱内壁荷载分区

Figure 11. Load division on inner surface of container

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图 12 基于基准有限元模型的预测响应与实测结果对比

Figure 12. Comparisons of displacements between simulation result and experimental data

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图 13 侧面纵轴上不同时刻结构位移分布曲线

Figure 13. Displacement distribution curves of lateral longitudinal axis at different times

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表 1 实验工况

Table 1. Test cases

工况	实验	点火位置	障碍物	氢气体积分数/%
1	1～4	BI	0	12、16、20、24
2	5～8	CI	0	12、16、20、24
3	9～12	BI	1	12、16、20、24
4	13～16	CI	1	12、16、20、24
5	17～20	BI	2	12、16、20、24
6	21～24	CI	2	12、16、20、24

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表 2 修正前后有限元模型计算结果和实测结果比较

Table 2. Comparisons of natural frequencies between the simulation and test results before and after model updating

阶数	实测频率/Hz	修正前		修正后
阶数	实测频率/Hz	频率/Hz	相对误差/%	频率/Hz	相对误差/%
1	17.34	19.06	9.92	17.96	3.58
2	17.93	19.75	10.15	18.61	3.79
3	22.85	23.04	0.83	21.71	−4.99
4	23.91	25.18	5.31	23.77	−0.59
5	24.26	26.91	10.92	25.32	4.37
6	25.43	28.28	11.21	26.49	4.17

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