Characteristics of closed and vented explosions of gasoline-air mixture in a square tube
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摘要: 为研究汽油-空气混合气体密闭爆炸和泄爆特性，采用可视化方管进行了两种爆炸模式实验研究，并基于壁面自适应局部涡黏(wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity,WALE)模型和Zimont预混火焰模型进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：（1）泄爆工况超压-时序曲线峰值数量多于密闭爆炸工况，且泄爆工况超压-时序曲线存在剧烈的类似简谐振动的振荡，而密闭爆炸工况的爆炸超压特征参数显著高于泄爆工况；（2）密闭爆炸工况最大火焰传播速度明显小于泄爆工况，但前者在火焰传播初期即达到最大值，而后者在火焰传播末期才达到最大值；（3）密闭爆炸工况出现郁金香形火焰，而泄爆工况出现蘑菇形火焰，郁金香火焰的形成与管道内火焰锋面、流场和流场动压三者之间耦合效应相关，蘑菇形火焰由外部流场湍流和斜压效应的共同作用引起。Abstract: In order to investigate the closed explosion and venting characteristics of gasoline-air mixture, two kinds of explosion modes were studied by using a visualized square tube, and numerical simulation was carried out based on the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model and Zimont premixed flame model. The results show the followings. (1) The number of the peaks on the overpressure time series curve for the vented explosion is greater than that for the closed explosion, and there is a violent oscillation similar to a simple harmonic vibration on the overpressure time series curve of the vented explosion, while the characteristic parameters of explosion overpressure in the closed explosion are significantly higher than those in the vented explosion. (2) The maximum flame propagation speed in the closed explosion is significantly lower than that in the vented explosion, but the former reaches the maximum at the beginning of flame propagation, while the latter reaches the maximum at the end of flame propagation. (3) Tulip-shaped flame appears in the closed explosion condition, while mushroom-shaped flame appears in the venting condition. The formation of the tulip-shaped flame is related to the coupling effects of flame front, flow field and dynamic pressure of flow field in the pipe, while the mushroom-shaped flame is caused by the combined action of turbulence and baroclinic effect in the external flow field.
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Key words:
- closed explosion /
- vented explosion /
- gasoline-air mixture /
- explosion overpressure /
- flame propagation
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图 1 实验系统
1−5 refers to valves; 1#−4# refers to threaded holes
Figure 1. Experimental setup
图 3 3次重复性实验所得超压-时序曲线
Figure 3. Overpressure-time histories obtained from three repeated experiments
图 6 实验和模拟所得火焰传播速度
Figure 6. Comparison between experimental and simulated flame speeds
图 7 实验和模拟超压-时序曲线对比
Figure 7. Comparison between experimental and simulated overpressure-time histories of the monitor point at the closed end
图 8 密闭爆炸和泄爆超压-时序曲线
Figure 8. Overpressures-time curves of closed and vented explosions
图 9 密闭爆炸和泄爆工况下油气爆炸火焰传播过程中不同时刻的图像
Figure 9. Flame structures in closed and vented explosions at different instants after ignition
图 10 两种工况下火焰锋面位置-时序曲线
Figure 10. Flame location-time curves under two different work conditions
图 11 两种工况火焰传播速度-时序曲线
Figure 11. Flame propagation speed-time curves under two different work conditions
图 12 管道截面x=50 mm处火焰锋面和邻近速度场
Figure 12. Flame front and velocity fields in the vicinity of the flame front at the middle plane of x=50 mm in the pipe
图 13 大涡模拟所得郁金香火焰三维图（c=0.5）
Figure 13. Three-dimensional tulip-shaped flames obtained by large eddy simulation (c=0.5)
图 14 t=52 ms时截面x=50 mm上沿z=470 mm线的流场速度分布和大涡模拟得到的郁金香形火焰
Figure 14. Flow velocity and simulated tulip-shaped flame along the line of z=470 mm at the plane of x=50 mm at t=52 ms
图 15 郁金香形火焰形成过程中不同时刻的火焰锋面、火焰锋面附近区域速度场和动压分布
Figure 15. Flame front, velocity and dynamic pressure distribution near the flame front during the formation of the tulip-shaped flame
图 17 实验火焰形态和模拟所得流场结构（t=39 ms）
Figure 17. Experimental flame structure and simulated flow field structure (t=39 ms)
图 18 密度梯度线和压力梯度线的分布（t=39 ms）
Figure 18. Distribution of density and pressure gradient lines at t=39 ms
表 1 密闭爆炸和泄爆工况下管道内最大爆炸超压峰值、形成最大爆炸超压峰值时间、平均升压速率和最大升压速率
Table 1. Maximum explosion overpressure peaks, arrival times of maximum explosion overpressures peaks, average pressure increasing rate and maximum pressure increasing rate in the tube under closed and vented explosions
工况 pmax/kPa tmax/ms (dp/dt)ave/(kPa·s−1) (dp/dt)max/(MPa·s−1) 密闭爆炸 523.0 215.0 310 24.40 泄爆 9.6 30.6 240 6.81 
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