三种盐类超细水雾抑制管道内甲烷-空气预混气爆炸的差异性

贾海林; 翟汝鹏; 李第辉; 项海军; 杨永钦

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0456

三种盐类超细水雾抑制管道内甲烷-空气预混气爆炸的差异性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0456

贾海林^{1, 2,},
翟汝鹏^{1, 2},
李第辉^{1, 2},
项海军^{1, 2},
杨永钦^{1, 2, ,}

1.
河南理工大学河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，河南焦作 454000
2.
河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院，河南焦作 454000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0807900)；国家自然科学基金(51304069)；教育部创新团队发展支持计划(IRT_16R22)

详细信息

作者简介:
贾海林(1980－　)，男，博士，副教授，jiahailin@126.com

通讯作者:
杨永钦(1964－　)，男，硕士，高级工程师，xfzdyyq@163.com

中图分类号: O383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-13
- 修回日期: 2020-05-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-01

Differences of premixed methane-air explosion in pipelines suppressed by three ultrafine water mists containing different salts

JIA Hailin^{1, 2
,},
ZHAI Rupeng^{1, 2},
LI Dihui^{1, 2},
XIANG Haijun^{1, 2},
YANG Yongqin^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
2.
School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 针对管道输送可燃气体时爆炸引发的连锁安全问题，自行搭建了两节管道预混气爆炸传播及抑爆实验系统，开展了不同种类、不同盐类质量分数和不同雾通量的盐类超细水雾抑制甲烷体积分数为9.5%的甲烷-空气预混气爆炸的系列实验。基于火灾学和爆炸学理论，深入探讨了不同实验工况下爆炸超压振荡曲线、最大超压峰值、爆炸火焰阵面位置、火焰平均传播速度和火焰结构演化的差异性。研究表明：随着盐类添加剂（NaCl、NaHCO₃和MgCl₂）质量分数和雾通量的增大，最大爆炸超压峰值相对于纯水超细水雾作用时呈不同幅度下降，爆炸超压振荡曲线上升趋势缓慢，火焰平均传播速度下降趋势明显。爆炸火焰锋面在管道B内呈现不同次数的后退现象，到达管道末端的时间较无细水雾和纯水超细水雾下延迟效应明显。通过比较分析，发现含NaCl超细水雾在弱化爆炸超压、延缓火焰锋面推进、降低火焰平均传播速度以及火焰后退次数方面均优于含MgCl₂和NaHCO₃超细水雾。主要原因在于，阴离子Cl⁻销毁链式爆炸反应中OH·、H·自由基的能力强于${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $，阳离子Na⁺销毁爆炸反应中OH·、H·自由基的能力强于Mg²⁺。
- 盐类超细水雾 /
- 管道预混气爆炸 /
- 爆炸超压振荡曲线 /
- 火焰后退次数 /
- 自由基销毁能力
Abstract: In order to solve the safety problem caused by flammable gas explosion in pipeline transportation, an experimental system for premixed gas explosion and explosion suppression in multiple pipelines was self-built. And then a series of premixed methane-air explosion and explosion suppression experiments were carried out under the ultrafine water mists without or with three kinds of salts in the different working conditions including the different salt mass fractions and the different mist fluxes. In the experiments, the methane volume fraction in the premixed methane-air mixture was 9.5%, and three salts used as additives were NaCl, NaHCO₃ and MgCl₂. According to the theories of fire science and explosion science, the different changes in the explosion characteristics were explored involving the oscillation curves and the maximum peak values of explosion overpressure, the front positions and the average propagation velocities of the explosion flame, the evolution images of the flame structure in pipe B. The results show that with the increases of salt mass fractions and ultrafine water mist fluxes with salts (NaCl, NaHCO₃ and MgCl₂), the maximum peaks of explosion overpressure decreased by different amplitudes compared with those under the action of pure water mist, the oscillation curves of explosion overpressure increased slowly, and the average propagation velocities of explosion flame decreased significantly. The explosion flame fronts receded different times in the pipe B. And the times when the explosion flames reached the terminal end of the pipe B delayed obviously compared with those with or without the pure ultrafine water mist. Comparisons display that the ultrafine water mist containing NaCl is superior to the ones containing MgCl₂ and NaHCO₃, respectively, in weakening the explosion overpressure, delaying the advance of the flame front position, decreasing the average flame propagation velocity, and reducing the receding times of the explosion flame front. The primary reason is that the ability of the anion Cl⁻to destroy OH· and H· radicals in chain explosion reactions is stronger than that of the anion ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ and the ability of the cation Na⁺ to destroy OH· and H· radicals in explosion reactions is stronger than that of the cation Mg²⁺.

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图 1 两节管道预混气爆炸及抑爆实验系统

Figure 1. Experimental system for the premixed gas explosion and explosion suppression in a two-section pipeline

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图 2 超声雾化产生的细水雾粒径分布

Figure 2. Particle diameter distribution of water mist generated by ultrasonic atomization

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图 3 NaCl超细水雾对甲烷体积分数为9.5%的甲烷-空气预混气的爆炸超压振荡曲线及最大超压峰值的影响

Figure 3. Explosion overpressure-time curves and the maximum explosion overpressures affected by water mists containing NaCl for premixed methane-air mixture with the methane volume fraction of 9.5%

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图 4 MgCl₂超细水雾对甲烷体积分数为9.5%的甲烷-空气预混气的爆炸超压振荡曲线及最大超压峰值的影响

Figure 4. Explosion overpressure-time curves and the maximum explosion overpressures affected by water mists containing MgCl₂ for premixed methane-air mixture with the methane volume fraction of 9.5%

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图 5 NaHCO₃超细水雾对甲烷体积分数为9.5%的甲烷-空气预混气的爆炸超压振荡曲线及最大超压峰值的影响

Figure 5. Explosion overpressure-time curves and the maximum explosion overpressures affected by water mists containing NaHCO₃ for premixed methane-air mixture with the methane volume fraction of 9.5%

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图 6 雾通量均为8.4 mL、盐类质量分数不同的不同盐类超细水雾作用下爆炸超压变化的差异性

Figure 6. Differences of the explosion overpressures affected by ultrafine water mists with three different salts and different salt mass fractions under the same mist flux

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图 7 不同盐类超细水雾作用下管道B内爆炸火焰锋面位置的变化

Figure 7. Changes of explosive flame front positions in pipe Baffected by different ultrafine water mists

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图 8 不同盐类超细水雾作用下管道B内爆炸火焰平均传播速度的变化

Figure 8. Changes of average propagation velocities of explosion flames in pipe B affected by different ultrafine water mists

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图 9 雾通量均为8.4 mL、盐类质量分数均为8%的不同超细水雾作用下管道B内的火焰结构

Figure 9. Evolution of flame structures in pipe B affected by ultrafine water mists containing different salts with the same mist flux of 8.4 ml and the same salt mass fraction of 8%

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图 10 三种盐类超细水雾抑爆机理

Figure 10. Explosion suppression mechanism by three ultrafine water mists with different salts

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表 1 NaCl超细水雾作用下最大爆炸超压的变化

Table 1. Changes of the maximum explosion overpressures under the suppression of ultrafine water mists containing NaCl

w/%	V/mL	p_max/kPa	Δp_max/kPa	η/%	w/%	V/mL	p_max/kPa	Δp_max/kPa	η/%
0	4.2	18.7			0	8.4	15.4
2		17.0	1.7	9.1	2		13.6	1.8	11.7
4		15.2	3.5	18.7	4		12.8	2.6	16.9
6		14.5	4.2	22.5	6		10.8	4.6	29.9
8		13.9	4.8	25.7	8		9.9	5.5	35.7

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表 2 含NaHCO₃超细水雾作用下最大爆炸超压的变化

Table 2. Changes of the maximum explosion overpressure under the suppression of ultrafine water mists containing NaHCO₃

w/%	V/mL	p_max/kPa	Δp_max/kPa	η/%	w/%	VL/mL	p_max/kPa	Δp_max/kPa	η/%
0	4.2	18.7			0	8.4	15.4
2		18.6	0.1	0.5	2		15.0	0.4	2.5
4		18.3	0.4	2.1	4		14.3	1.1	7.1
6		17.7	1.0	5.3	6		13.5	1.9	12.3
8		16.6	2.1	11.2	8		12.8	2.6	16.9

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表 3 MgCl₂超细水雾作用下最大爆炸超压的变化

Table 3. Changes of the maximum explosion overpressures under the suppression of ultrafine water mists containing MgCl₂

w/%	V/mL	p_max/kPa	Δp_max/kPa	η/%	w/%	V/mL	p_max/kPa	Δp_max/kPa	η/%
0	4.2	18.7			0	8.4	15.4
2		17.3	1.4	7.5	2		15.3	0.1	0.6
4		16.1	2.4	13.9	4		14.5	0.9	5.8
6		15.7	3.0	16.0	6		13.0	2.4	15.6
8		14.0	4.7	25.1	8		11.7	3.7	24.0

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表 4 不同工况下3种盐类超细水雾作用下火焰峰面到达管道末端的时间

Table 4. Times for the flame front to arrive at the terminal end of pipe B affected by three ultrafine water mists with different salts under different working conditions

工况	t_ter/ms	Δt/ms	ξ/%	工况	t_ter/ms	Δt/ms	ξ/%	工况	t_ter/ms	Δt/ms	ξ/%
无水雾	5.27			无水雾	5.27			无水雾	5.27
0%-NaCl	8.06	2.79		0%-MgCl₂	8.06	2.79		0%-NaHCO₃	8.06	2.79
2%-NaCl	11.16	5.89	38.5	2%-MgCl₂	8.68	3.41	7.7	2%-NaHCO₃	8.68	3.41	7.7
4%-NaCl	12.09	6.82	50.0	4%-MgCl₂	12.40	7.13	53.8	4%-NaHCO₃	9.30	4.03	15.4
6%-NaCl	14.88	9.61	84.6	6%-MgCl₂	13.64	8.37	69.2	6%-NaHCO₃	10.23	4.96	26.9
8%-NaCl	17.98	12.71	123.0	8%-MgCl₂	15.19	9.92	88.5	8%-NaHCO₃	12.40	7.13	53.8

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