Effects of gas pressure on the front wall damage of pressure vessel impacted by hypervelocity projectile
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摘要: 充气压力容器在超高速撞击下的典型损伤包括穿孔及其边缘的裂纹失稳破坏，会导致气体泄漏或爆炸，内压对容器前壁损伤的影响仍不明确。以不同内压的球形铝合金充气压力容器为研究对象，开展了球形铝合金弹丸超高速撞击实验和数值模拟计算，分析了内充气体压强对前壁穿孔形貌特征、穿孔直径、孔边环向应力等的影响规律和影响机理，讨论了气体冲击波的传播行为及影响前壁穿孔边缘裂纹失稳破坏的机制。结果表明：前壁穿孔边缘内翻边形貌与内压相关，内压越高，弯折程度越轻；穿孔直径与内充气体压强正相关，但气体对孔径的影响远小于容器壁厚及撞击速度的影响；穿孔边缘使裂纹失稳破坏的环向拉应力不仅受到后壁反射冲击波的影响，也与容器壁内应力波的传播有关，与内压成正比。Abstract: The typical damage of gas-filled pressure vessel impacted by hypervelocity projectile includes perforation and crack instability, which lead to gas leakage and explosion. The effect of gas pressure on front wall damage is still unclear so far. Experiments and numerical simulations are reported, in which spherical aluminum gas-filled pressure vessels with different inner pressures were impacted by spherical aluminum projectiles traveling at hypervelocity. A two-stage light gas gun was used to launch an aluminum alloy spherical projectile into the pressure vessel at hypervelocity. The size and cross-section morphology of the perforation with different inner pressures were obtained. According to the various purposes of numerical simulation, two kinds of two-dimensional axis symmetric pressure vessel models were established. The numerical model for type A is a whole model which behaves as the actual pressure vessel. The numerical model for type B included a vessel wall on which there was a stress with same value as inner pressure and non-pressure local gas. The numerical results of perforation diameter and morphology, shock wave propagation, and hoop tensile stress on the hole edge were obtained. The effects of gas on the morphology and diameter of holes in the front wall, as well as the hoop stress on the edge of hole were explored. The mechanism of shock wave in the gas affecting the crack instability in the front wall was discussed and supported by a description of the shock wave propagation. It is shown that the inner flanging morphology on the edge of hole is influenced by the gas pressure. It bends more lightly when the gas pressure is higher. It is shown that the influence of gas pressure on the hole diameter is positive, although it is less obvious than that of wall thickness and impact velocity. The hoop tensile stress is affected by not only the reflected shock wave from the back wall, but also the stress wave propagation in the vessel wall, which is in proportion to gas pressure.
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Key words:
- hypervelocity impact /
- pressure vessel /
- perforation /
- shock wave in gas
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图 5 球形压力容器壁中最大主应力时程曲线
Figure 5. Evolution of maximum principle stress on the spherical vessel wall
图 7 容器前壁穿孔外侧正视图
Figure 7. Photographs of holes shown from the impacted side of the front vessel wall
图 11 CI系列数值模拟穿孔截面
Figure 11. Cross section of holes in the numerical simulations using a series of CI models
图 12 CI系列数值模拟穿孔内翻角θ随内压p0的变化
Figure 12. Variations of θ with p0 in the numerical simulationsbased on the CI models
图 13 3种数值模型内翻边形貌比较（v0=3.00 km/s, p0=6.0 MPa, t=15 μs）
Figure 13. Comparison on inner flanging morphology among three typesof numerical model (v0=3.00 km/s, p0=6.0 MPa, t=15 μs)
图 14 CI系列数值模拟穿孔直径dh随内压p0的变化
Figure 14. Variations of dh with p0 in the numerical simulations based on the CI models
图 15 CI系列数值模拟中Δdh随内压p0的变化
Figure 15. Variations of Δdh with p0 in the numerical simulations based on the CI models
图 16 穿孔直径dh的时间历程曲线（v0=3.00 km/s，p0=6.0 MPa）
Figure 16. Variations of dh with time (v0=3.00 km/s, p0=6.0 MPa)
图 17 气体冲击波运动过程（p0=3.0 MPa, v0=3.00 km/s）
Figure 17. Shock wave propagation in the gas (p0=3.0 MPa, v0=3.00 km/s)
图 18 环向应力
${\sigma _{\rm{h}}}$ 的时间历程曲线Figure 18. Variation of
${\sigma _{\rm{h}}}$ with time
图 19 不同撞击速度和内压下的最大环向应力
$\sigma _{{\rm{h}},\,{\max }}$ Figure 19. Variation of
$\sigma _{{\rm{h}},\,{\max }}$ with impact velocityand initial pressure in the vessel表 1 实验参数
Table 1. Experimental parameters
实验 容器内压/MPa 容器壁厚/mm 撞击速度/（km·s−1） P02 ＜10−4 2.54 3.66 P03 2.2 2.40 3.47 P04 1.0 2.54 3.52 P05 2.0 2.40 3.55 
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