水下爆炸气泡射流载荷阵列测量技术探索

盛振新; 刘建湖; 张显丕; 杲涛; 陈江涛; 杨静

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0346

水下爆炸气泡射流载荷阵列测量技术探索

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0346

中国船舶科学研究中心，江苏无锡 214082

详细信息

作者简介:
盛振新（1986－　），男，博士，高级工程师，killer860710@163.com

中图分类号: O384; O358
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-22
- 修回日期: 2021-01-19
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-10

On an array-sensor technology for measuring bubble jet load generated by underwater explosion

China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 水下爆炸气泡射流载荷测量目前存在两个难点：（1）气泡射流载荷是非均匀的面载荷，但其作用半径仅为气泡最大半径的1/10，限于传感器尺寸及安装空间，敏感元密度较低，难以准确获取气泡射流载荷空间分布规律；（2）气泡射流载荷测量时传感器所处的力学环境非常复杂，传感器容易损坏，导致无法测得完整时程。因此现有测量手段难以获取气泡射流载荷的时空分布特性。鉴于此，设计了一种阵列传感器，在一张PVDF（聚偏氟乙烯）压电薄膜上采用特殊工艺加工多个小型敏感元，敏感元尺寸为5 mm×5 mm，呈8×8矩阵排列，敏感元密度≥1 cm⁻²，同时在揭示传感器损坏机理的基础上设计了传感器防护装置。在小型观测水槽内开展了小当量炸药水下爆炸试验，采用阵列传感器测量获取了气泡射流载荷的时空分布特性。研究结果表明：（1）设计的防护装置可保证传感器在气泡射流载荷测量过程中不损坏；（2）气泡射流载荷中心最大，向四周逐渐减小，中心处气泡射流载荷峰压约35.6 MPa，约为冲击波峰压的1.16倍。建立的阵列测量技术可为水下爆炸气泡射流的深入研究提供技术支撑。
- 气泡射流 /
- 阵列测量 /
- 传感器防护 /
- 水下爆炸
Abstract: There are two difficulties in the measurement of underwater explosion bubble jet load: (1) the bubble jet load is a non-uniform surface load, but its radius of action is only 1/10 of the maximum radius of the bubble, the density of sensitive elements which is limited to the size and installation space is low, so it is difficult to accurately obtain the spatial distribution of bubble jet load; (2) the mechanical environment of the sensor is very complex when measuring the bubble jet load, so the sensor is easy to be damaged, which makes it impossible to obtain the complete time history. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of bubble jet load by existing measurement methods. In view of this, an array sensor was designed. Several small sensitive elements were processed on a piece of PVDF piezoelectric film by special technology. The size of sensitive elements is 5 mm×5 mm, arranged in 8×8 matrix, and the density of sensitive elements is ≥1 cm⁻². At the same time, the sensor protection device was designed on the basis of revealing the damage mechanism of the sensor. The underwater explosion test of small equivalent explosive was carried out in a small observation tank, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of bubble jet load were measured by using array sensor. The results show that: (1) the designed protection device can ensure that the sensor will not be damaged in the process of measuring the bubble jet load; (2) the load in the bubble jet center is the highest and decrease to the surrounding gradually. The peak pressure of the bubble jet load is about 35.6 MPa, which is about 1.16 times of the shock wave peak pressure. The array measurement technology can provide technical support for the in-depth study of underwater explosion bubble jet.
- bubble jet /
- array measurement /
- sensor protection /
- underwater explosion

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图 1 点阵式敏感元分布形式

Figure 1. Distribution of sensitive elements

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图 2 阵列传感器

Figure 2. An array sensor

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图 3 单点式PVDF传感器测量气泡射流载荷时的损坏情况

Figure 3. Damage of a single PVDF sensor used to measure bubble jet load

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图 4 阵列传感器的防护装置

Figure 4. The protection device of the array sensor

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图 5 气泡射流测量试验布置

Figure 5. Experimental arrangement of bubble jet load measurement

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图 6 试验后薄膜损坏情况

Figure 6. Damage of protection films after tests

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图 7 测量系统连接示意图

Figure 7. Diagram of measuring system

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图 8 工况5气泡射流演化过程

Figure 8. Evolution process of bubble jet in case 5

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图 9 工况5气泡射流载荷测量结果

Figure 9. Measurement results of bubble jet load in case 5

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图 10 气泡射流载荷峰压分布规律

Figure 10. Peak pressure distribution of bubble jet load

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表 1 防护装置薄膜试验工况及试验后薄膜损伤情况

Table 1. Test events of protection device and damage results of protection films after tests

工况	药量	距径比	薄膜材料及厚度	试验后薄膜状态
1	雷管	0.8	2.0 mm TPU	破口
2	雷管	0.8	2.0 mm硅胶	花瓣撕裂成6片
3	雷管	0.8	1.0 mm PET	沿压板环向切割
4	雷管	0.8	1.0 mm PET+0.5 mm TPU	PET破碎，TPU破
5	雷管	0.8	1.0 mm PET+2.0 mm TPU	PET和TPU均不破

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表 2 气泡射流载荷峰压分布

Table 2. Peak pressure distribution of bubble jet load

敏感元通道	距传感器中心距离/mm	峰压/MPa
Ch1	−39.59	14.5
Ch2	−28.28	20.8
Ch3	−16.97	23.3
Ch4	−5.66	30.5
Ch5	5.66	35.6
Ch6	16.97	35.6
Ch8	39.59	19.9

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表 3 气泡射流载荷计算结果与试验结果的对比

Table 3. Comparison between calculated results and test results of bubble jet load

压力/MPa		压力偏差/%	持续时间/ms		持续时间偏差/%
计算值	试验值	压力偏差/%	计算值	试验值	持续时间偏差/%
33.0	35.6	−7.3	1.06	1.18	−10.2

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