自由面数量对水下钻孔爆破振动信号能量分布及衰减规律的影响

马晨阳; 吴立; 孙苗

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0436

自由面数量对水下钻孔爆破振动信号能量分布及衰减规律的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0436

马晨阳^{1, 2,},
吴立^{1, 2, ,},
孙苗²

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）岩土钻掘与防护教育部工程研究中心，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）工程学院，湖北武汉 430074)

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41672260）

详细信息

作者简介:
马晨阳（1990－　），男，博士研究生，524035683@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴　立（1963－　），男，博士，教授，lwu@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; TD231
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-24
- 修回日期: 2021-04-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-20

Influence of free surface numbers on the energy distribution and attenuation of vibration signals of underwater drilling blasting

MA Chenyang^{1, 2
,},
WU Li^{1, 2
, ,},
SUN Miao²

1.
Engineering Research Center of Rock-Soil Drill & Excavation and Protection of the Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
2.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 针对自由面不仅影响爆破效果还影响爆破振动效应的问题，提出从能量角度探索自由面对水下爆破振动衰减规律的影响。以三峡大坝至葛洲坝水利枢纽河段水下钻孔爆破地震波现场监测数据为基础，结合SPH-FEM数值模拟技术和小波时频能量分析方法，对不同自由面数量的爆破振动信号的总能量、各频带间的能量分布特征及振动衰减规律进行了研究。结果表明：水下钻孔爆破具有低主频、短持时、快衰减的特点，爆破主频带主要集中在15.625～31.250 Hz；受单一自由面限制的水下开槽爆破，监测信号的爆炸能量主要以振动形式消耗，单自由面比振动能为13.14 mm²/(kg·s²)，随着后续开挖爆破自由面数量的增加，双自由面和三自由面的比振动能分别降低至1.36和0.28 mm²/(kg·s²)，频带质点峰值振动速度分别降低65%和37%，能量更多用于破碎和抛掷岩体，水下爆破振动主频由低频向高频带（31.25～62.50 Hz）发展。因此，在水下控制爆破设计时，需要考虑自由面数量对振动能量分布和衰减规律的影响，并利用这个特征，确定各段的控制药量，减少对周边建构物的共振危害。
- 水下钻孔爆破 /
- 自由面 /
- 时频分析 /
- 振动衰减
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the free surface not only affected the blasting effect but also the blasting vibration effect, an analytical method of exploring the influence of free surface on the vibration attenuation law of underwater drilling blasting was proposed from the energy point of view. Taking the field monitoring data of the underwater blasting seismic wave between the river reach of the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam as the research object, the characteristic information on time and frequency scales of the monitored signals was analyzed by wavelet transform. Similarly, the total energy of the blasting vibration signals, the energy distribution characteristics in variety of frequency band on different free surface, and the main frequency range were extracted. Combined with the method of the SPH-FEM simulation technology, the vibration velocity attenuation law of different numbers of free surfaces was verified. The results indicate that underwater drilling blasting vibration has the characteristic of low frequency, the short duration and the fast attenuation. The main frequency band of the underwater drilling blasting is focused on the frequency band of 15.625−31.250 Hz. Most of the explosion energy will be consumed as seismic energy in the underwater slotted blasting due to the restricted of a single free surface. The specific vibrational energy λ_Eof the single free surface signal is 13.14 mm²/(kg·s²). However, with the increase of the number of free surfaces in subsequent excavation blasting, the λ_E of the double free surfaces and the three free surfaces decrease to 1.36 and 0.28 mm²/(kg·s²), and the reduction rates of the peak particle velocity (PPV) of the frequency band are 65% and 37%. Besides, the energy of the subsequent explosion will be used more for breaking and throwing the rock mass, and the main frequency of it will also develop from low frequency to high frequency band (31.25−62.50 Hz). Therefore, the influence of the number of free surfaces on the vibration energy distribution and attenuation law should be considered in the design of underwater controlled blasting. Using this regularity and characteristic, it is possible to more accurately determine the controlled explosive charge of each segment and reduce the resonance hazard to surrounding structures.
- underwater drilling blasting /
- free surface /
- time-frequency analysis /
- vibration attenuation

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图 1 爆破测振系统及测点布设

Figure 1. Diagrams of blasting vibration measuring system and measuring point layout

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图 2 炮孔分布及自由面

Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of blast hole distribution and free surface

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图 3 实测爆破振动信号的垂向速度曲线

Figure 3. Vertical velocity curves of monitored blasting vibration signals

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图 4 信号1-1在不同频带的爆破振动分量

Figure 4. Blasting vibration components of signal 1-1 at different frequency bands

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图 5 不同频带爆破振动信号的PPV分布

Figure 5. PPV’s distributions of blasting vibration signals at different frequency bands

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图 6 爆破振动信号各频带能量分布

Figure 6. Energy distributions of blasting vibration signals at different frequency bands

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图 7 水下爆破的三维数值模型

Figure 7. The three-dimensional numerical model for underwater blasting

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图 8 不同段爆破炮孔近区的破碎过程

Figure 8. The crushing process near the hole of different blasting sections

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图 9 不同自由面PPV随爆心距的衰减

Figure 9. PPV attenuation of different free surfaces with detonation center distances

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图 10 不同自由面爆破振动萨氏公式的非线性回归

Figure 10. Non-linear regression of different free-surface blasting vibration formulas

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表 1 爆破振动信号的能量分布

Table 1. Energy distribution of blasting vibration signals

频带	频率/Hz	频带能量/（mm²·s⁻²）				能量占比/%
频带	频率/Hz	1-1	1-2	2-1	2-2	1-1	1-2	2-1	2-2
d8	0～7.8125	2.6287	0.1087	0.8633	0.3083	0.10	0.04	0.51	0.919
d7	7.8125～15.625	24.4471	0.1631	2.5392	0.4864	0.93	0.06	1.50	1.450
d6	15.625～31.25	2147.6642	194.0952	117.3110	17.4006	81.70	71.40	69.30	51.890
d5	31.25～62.5	312.8177	64.6168	37.8002	11.1425	11.90	23.77	22.33	33.228
d4	62.5～125	105.4117	8.9708	8.1254	4.1473	4.01	3.30	4.80	12.368
d3	125～250	26.2872	3.2621	2.6069	0.0377	1.00	1.20	1.54	0.112
d2	250～500	7.0975	0.5709	0.0288	0.0103	0.27	0.21	0.017	0.031
d1	500～1000	2.3658	0.0054	0.0005	0.0003	0.09	0.02	0.003	0.001
总和		2628.72	271.79	169.28	33.53

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表 2 岩石的HJC模型主要参数

Table 2. HJC model parameters of rock

密度 ρ₀/（g·cm⁻³）	剪切模量 G/GPa	黏性常数 A	压力强化系数 B	应变率系数 C	硬化指数 N	静态单轴抗压强度f_c/MPa	最大拉应力 T/MPa	归一化最强值 S_f,max
2.6	7.42	0.3	2.01	0.009 7	0.7	113	11.3	11

损伤常数 D₁	损伤常数 D₂	压力常数 K₁	压力常数 K₂	压力常数 K₃	压实应变 μ_lock	压碎体压力 p_crush/MPa	压实应力 p_lock/MPa	破碎体积应变 μ_crush
0.4	1	0.085	−0.171	0.208	0.1	38	800	0.004

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