深部围岩地冲击扰动作用的模拟试验技术

李志浩; 熊自明; 岳松林; 纪玉国; 刘晨康; 徐天涵; 蒋海明; 李杰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0184

深部围岩地冲击扰动作用的模拟试验技术

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0184

李志浩^1,,
熊自明^{1, 2, ,},
岳松林¹,
纪玉国²,
刘晨康²,
徐天涵¹,
蒋海明¹,
李杰^{1, 2}

1.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210007
2.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51527810，51679249，51808553)

详细信息

作者简介:
李志浩（1995－），男，博士研究生，17865191593@163.com

通讯作者:
熊自明（1980－），男，博士，副教授，xzm992311@163.com

中图分类号: O389
计量
- 文章访问数: 480
- HTML全文浏览量: 313
- PDF下载量: 96
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-12
- 修回日期: 2021-09-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-25
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-28

Simulation test technique for impact disturbance of deep surrounding rock

1.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu , China

摘要

摘要: 为模拟深部高围压硐室结构在爆炸地冲击扰动作用下的长持时加载过程，开展了模拟装置的调试和试验工作。分析了爆炸作用下，远场扰动应力波的主参量，并采用量纲分析获得了满足相似定律的仪器参数指标。利用模拟试验装置，分析探讨了气室压力、电磁阀开启时间、活塞速度、水压以及整形材料等因素对冲击波形、正压时间、升压时间和峰值的影响规律。结果表明，整形材料的刚度越低，应力波形的正压时间及升压时间越长，峰值相对越低；活塞撞击速度越高，应力峰值越高，但是正压时间及波形无明显变化。通过控制电磁阀开闭时间和气室气体压力值，可以控制活塞撞击的速度。通过改变整形材料和活塞撞击速度，实现了正压时间在3.5～5.0 ms之间的调整、升压时间在0.9～2.5 ms之间的调整，峰值在4～8 MPa之间的调整，调整后输出的压力波形可有效模拟深部围岩中远区爆炸应力波。采用有机玻璃复合结构作为试件，验证了装置在模拟深部围岩地冲击扰动作用的可行性及可靠性。上述研究证明了装置可为室内试验提供参数可控的爆炸地冲击扰动，丰富了深部地质力学试验系统模拟爆炸扰动的研究。
- 深部围岩 /
- 地冲击扰动 /
- 动静组合加载 /
- 试验装置
Abstract: Aiming to simulate the long-term continuous loading process of high confining pressure deep underground spaces under the explosion and impact disturbance, alignment and related tests on the simulation test apparatus were carried out. An air pressure driven piston was used to impact the shaping material and produce an impact disturbance. After passing through the conical cover, the wave front expanded, resulting in a uniform stress wave acting on the cabin body. Main parameters of the far-field disturbed stress wave under explosion were analyzed, and the instrument parameters satisfying the similarity law were obtained by dimensional analysis. The effects of gas pressure, solenoid valve opening time, piston speed, water pressure and shaping material on the shape, positive pressure time, rising pressure time and peak value of the stress wave were discussed by using the developed instrument. The results illustrate that the lower the stiffness of shaping materials, the longer the positive pressure time and rising pressure time of the stress wave, and the lower the peak value of stress. Although an increase in the piston impact velocity will bring an increase in the peak of the stress wave, it will not significantly affect the positive pressure time and waveform. The piston speed can be determined by controlling the opening time of the solenoid valve and the gas pressure in the air chamber. By changing the shaping material and impact speed of the piston, the positive pressure time can be adjusted between 3.5 ms and 5.0 ms, pressure rising time between 0.9 ms and 2.5 ms, and peak value between 4 MPa and 8 MPa. The adjusted pressure waveform output can effectively simulate the far-field explosion stress wave in the deep surrounding rock. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite structure was used as the specimen to verify the feasibility and reliability of the apparatus in simulating the impact disturbance in the deep surrounding rock. The above tests prove that this apparatus can provide explosive ground shock disturbances with controllable parameters for laboratory tests. This apparatus enriches the research of simulating explosion disturbances in deep geomechanical test systems.
- deep surrounding rock /
- round impact disturbance /
- coupled static and dynamic loading /
- testing apparatus

HTML全文

图 1 爆炸应力波形^[22]

Figure 1. Explosion stress wave^[22]

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图 2 理想压力波形

Figure 2. Ideal pressure waveform

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图 3 模型试验装置图

Figure 3. Model test apparatus

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图 4 整形材料

Figure 4. Shaping materials

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图 5 传感器布置图

Figure 5. Layout of sensors

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图 6 应力波的平面度及均匀性

Figure 6. Flatness and uniformity of the stress wave

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图 7 水压对波形的影响

Figure 7. Influence of the water pressure on the shapes of the stress waves

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图 8 整形材料对应力波波形的影响

Figure 8. Influence of shaping materials on the stress waveforms

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图 9 影响活塞速度的因素分析

Figure 9. Analysis of factors affecting the piston speed

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图 10 活塞速度对波形的影响

Figure 10. Influences of the piston speed on the wave form

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图 11 活塞速度和整形材料对压力峰值的影响

Figure 11. Influences of the piston speed and shaping material on the peak pressure

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图 12 活塞速度和整形材料对正压时间的影响

Figure 12. Influence of the piston speed and shaping material on the positive pressure time

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图 13 试验波形与理想压力波形对比

Figure 13. Comparison of the test waveform with the ideal pressure waveform

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图 14 有机玻璃组合试件

Figure 14. The composite specimen of PMMA

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图 15 压力曲线

Figure 15. Pressure curves

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表 1 质点速度参数表^[24-25]

Table 1. Parameters for calculating particle velocity^[24-25]

材料	A	n
盐岩	(0.8～1)×10⁴	1.6
花岗岩	(1～1.3)×10⁴	1.6
密凝灰岩	(0.3～0.5)×10⁴	1.6

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表 2 不同工况下参量的取值

Table 2. Parameters under different working conditions

爆炸当量/ kt	爆心距/ m	原型正压时间 / ms	模型正压时间/ ms	原型应力峰值/ MPa	模型应力峰值/ MPa	原型地应力/ MPa	模型地应力/ MPa
30	1000	15.30	1.76	16.40	0.22	27.0	0.36
30	1500	38.76	4.48	8.60	0.11	40.5	0.54
30	2000	75.12	8.70	5.40	0.07	54.0	0.72
50	2000	38.70	4.46	7.12	0.10	54.0	0.72

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表 3 材料刚度参数

Table 3. Stiffness parameters of different shaping materials

整形材料	刚度 / (N·m⁻¹)	所处阶段
油（充满）	假定不可压缩	弹性阶段
水（不充满）	—	直接塑性
钢块	3.68×10¹⁰	弹性阶段
压板	4.18×10⁸	弹性阶段
橡胶	1.07×10⁵	弹性阶段
吸水海绵	2.05×10³	弹性阶段
密封胶泥	—	直接塑性
面	—	直接塑性

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