圆柱形爆炸容器的内壁爆炸载荷

刘欣; 顾文彬; 蔡星会; 王涛; 刘建青; 王振雄; 沈慧铭

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0209

圆柱形爆炸容器的内壁爆炸载荷

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0209

1.
火箭军工程大学核工程学院，陕西西安 710038
2.
陆军工程大学野战工程学院，江苏南京 210007
3.
军事科学院防化研究院，北京 102205

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　欣（1993－　），男，博士，讲师，252606718@qq.com

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-26
- 录用日期: 2022-01-18
- 修回日期: 2021-09-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-28

Blast loads on the inner wall of cylindrical explosion containment vessel

1.
School of Nuclear Engineering, Rocket Army Engineering University, Xiʾan 710038, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
3.
Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 102205, China

摘要

摘要: 爆炸容器内壁所受爆炸载荷的确定是容器动态响应特征研究、容器结构设计及安全评估的基础。对自行研制的组合式圆柱形爆炸容器开展了系列内爆加载试验，测量了容器内壁几个典型位置所受爆炸载荷，并利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对容器内爆载荷的形成和传播全过程进行了数值模拟。通过对试验结果进行分析，获得了容器内壁所受爆炸载荷的特征及其分布规律，并拟合出容器圆柱形壳体部分所受载荷首脉冲的峰值压力、正压作用时间和比冲量经验计算公式、容器内部准静态压力经验计算公式。通过对数值模拟结果进行分析，阐明了容器内壁所受爆炸载荷特征和分布规律的形成机理。研究结果表明，椭球端盖内壁产生的马赫反射波在端盖极点汇聚，使得极点所受载荷峰值压力及单次脉冲比冲量峰值总是所有测点中最大的，峰值压力最高可达圆柱壳所受最大压力的2.79倍，应予以足够重视。
- 圆柱形爆炸容器 /
- 内壁爆炸载荷 /
- 峰值压力 /
- 比冲量
Abstract: The determination of the blast loads acting on the inner wall of explosion containment eessels (ECVs) is the basis for the study of the dynamic response characteristics, the design of structure and the safety assessment of ECVs. In order to obtain the characteristics and distribution law of the blast loads acting on the inner wall of cylindrical explosive containment vessels when the central charge is exploded, a series of implosion loading tests were carried out on the self-developed combined cylindrical explosion containment vessel, with the blast loads acting on several typical positions of the inner wall of the vessel being measured, while by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, a simplified model of 1/8 of the vessel is established to numerically simulate the whole process of formation and propagation of the internal detonation field of the vessel. Through the analysis of the test results, the characteristics of the blast loading on the inner wall of the vessel and its distribution law are obtained, and the empirical calculation formulas for the peak pressure, positive pressure action time and specific impulse of the first pulse of blast loads acting on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell part of the vessel, and the empirical calculation formulas for the quasi-static pressure inside the vessel are fitted. By analyzing the numerical simulation results, the formation mechanism of the characteristics and distribution law of the blast loads on the inner wall of the vessel are clarified. The research results show that the Mach reflection waves generated from the inner wall of the ellipsoid end cap converge at the end cap pole, so that the peak pressure and the peak specific impulse of single pulse of the blast loading on the pole are always the biggest among all the measurement points, and the maximum peak pressure of the load can reach 2.79 times the maximum peak pressure that acting on the cylindrical shell, which should be paid a close attention.
- cylindrical explosion containment vessels /
- blast loading on the inner wall /
- peak pressure /
- specific impulse

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图 1 爆炸容器

Figure 1. Explosion containment vessel

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图 2 测点分布

Figure 2. Distribution of measurement points

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图 3 传感器安装设计

Figure 3. Design of the sensor installation

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图 4 装药为64 g的容器中心爆炸时各测点所受载荷压力曲线

Figure 4. Pressure curves of blast loading on each measurement point generated by a spherical charge of 64 g in the center of the container

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图 5 典型冲击波压力曲线（第10次试验结果）

Figure 5. Typical pressure curves of shock waves (results of test 10)

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图 6 测点P₁～P₄首脉冲峰值压力初步拟合结果

Figure 6. Preliminary fitting results of shock wave peak pressure of the first pulse from measurement points P₁–P₄

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图 7 测点P₁～P₄首脉冲峰值压力最终拟合结果

Figure 7. Final fitting results of shock wave peak pressures of the first pulse from measurement points P₁–P₄

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图 8 载荷峰值压力的分布

Figure 8. Distributions of the peak pressures of the blast loading

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图 9 冲击波传播路径示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of shock wave propagation path

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图 10 容器1/8简化数值模型

Figure 10. 1/8 simplified numerical model of the cylindrical explosion containment vessel

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图 11 容器内部爆轰场压力云图

Figure 11. Pressure cloud map of the internal detonation field inside the vessel

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表 1 峰值压力试验结果

Table 1. Test results of the peak pressure

试验编号	装药质量/g	装药位置	峰值压力/MPa
			P₁测点			P₂测点			P₃测点			P₄测点			P₅测点
			实测	计算	误差	实测	计算	误差	实测	计算	误差	实测	计算	误差	实测	计算	误差
1	26.7	O	2.64	2.11	0.25	1.83	1.78	0.03	1.08	1.18	0.09	0.61	0.73	0.16	2.72	0.34	7.05
2	27.1	O	2.36	2.14	0.10	1.56	1.80	0.13	0.97	1.20	0.19	0.61	0.74	0.17	2.89	0.34	7.44
3	26.7	O	2.41	2.11	0.14	1.61	1.78	0.09	0.98	1.18	0.17	0.59	0.73	0.19	3.01	0.34	7.91
6	63.7	O	5.33	4.48	0.19	4.71	3.78	0.25	2.58	2.51	0.03	1.21	1.55	0.22	6.93	0.72	8.65
7	64.8	O	5.42	4.55	0.19	4.83	3.83	0.26	2.77	2.55	0.09	1.23	1.57	0.22	14.48	0.73	18.87
8	64.4	O	5.76	4.52	0.27	4.80	3.81	0.26	2.33	2.53	0.08	1.20	1.56	0.23	9.18	0.73	11.67
9	64.7	O	5.11	4.54	0.13	4.75	3.83	0.24	2.68	2.54	0.05	1.13	1.57	0.28	14.26	0.73	18.59
10	64.1	O	5.58	4.51	0.24	4.61	3.80	0.21	2.66	2.52	0.05	1.29	1.56	0.17	13.41	0.72	17.58
15	105.7	O	7.34	6.95	0.06	5.93	5.86	0.01	4.34	3.89	0.12	2.30	2.40	0.04	19.07	1.11	16.20
16	105.2	O	7.73	6.92	0.12	5.87	5.83	0.01	4.26	3.88	0.10	1.93	2.39	0.19		1.11
21	154.5	O	11.44	9.66	0.18	8.70	8.14	0.07	6.50	5.41	0.20	3.13	3.34	0.06	13.77	1.55	7.90
22	154.3	O	11.49	9.65	0.19	9.10	8.13	0.12	6.14	5.40	0.14	3.33	3.33	0	13.69	1.55	7.86
23	155.2	O	11.17	9.70	0.15	10.28	8.17	0.26	5.99	5.43	0.10	2.85	3.35	0.15	18.30	1.55	10.78
24	154.2	O	10.88	9.64	0.13	9.92	8.13	0.22	5.86	5.40	0.09	2.91	3.33	0.13		1.55
25	154.7	O	11.52	9.67	0.19	9.23	8.15	0.13	5.76	5.41	0.06	2.91	3.34	0.13		1.55

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表 2 测点各次脉冲的比冲量

Table 2. Specific impulses of each pulse at each measurement points

试验编号	装药质量/g	比冲量/（Pa∙s）
		P₁测点			P₂测点				P₃测点				P₄测点				P₅测点
		1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	4^th	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	4^th	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	4^th	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	4^th	5^th	6^th
1	26.7	156	48	127	138	51	65		107	75	123		89	117	115		53	393	95	62	536	65
2	27.1	130	50	80	143	35	81		106	61	132		91	94	125		56	426	116	78	540	93
3	26.7	150	64	95	120	64	61		109	69	119		83	83	105		55	394	112	42	495	69
6	63.7	267	92	200	244	108	156		221	107	203	235	155	151	139	152	104	717	304	163	862	342
7	64.8	299	166	206	227	122	149		215	126	223	213	146	127	140	138	88	577	250	88	777	290
8	64.4	295	175	214	256	131	154		199	116	197	253	157	129	147	132	79	688	180	97	758	359
9	64.7	247	154	246	265	129	175		219	107	240	213	147	114	166	147	77	620	150	34	633	270
10	64.1	292	156	212	244	121	154		190	112	210	241	147	120	153	143	69	604	218	82	674	270
15	105.7	418	223	476	379	194	169		297	142	178	281	206	70	103	179	339	705	199	218	883	339
16	105.2	410	263	495	350	185	155		286	156	257	305	184	88	77	162
21	154.5	437	211	571	485	187	158	253	356	149	281	180	265	63	127	297	159	459	795	462	1084	357
22	154.3	593	288	559	517	211	158	290	412	161	205		280	62	141	280	194	405	866	524	1071	445
23	155.2	494	250	577	460	195	143	270	367	152	280	175	249	85	97	279	162	429	713	492	1054	234
24	154.2	630	327	707	474	225	142	335	367	189	308		248	107	81	256
25	154.7	557	294	624	461	225	162	321	357	170	297	189	236	90	88	246

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表 3 测点首脉冲正压作用时间

Table 3. Positive pressures action time of the first pulse at each measurement points

试验编号	正压作用时间/ms
	P₁测点			P₂测点			P₃测点			P₄测点
	试验	计算	误差	试验	计算	误差	试验	计算	误差	试验	计算	误差
1	0.349	0.376	0.072	0.361	0.396	0.089	0.439	0.449	0.022	0.507	0.520	0.024
2	0.345	0.377	0.084	0.402	0.397	0.013	0.465	0.449	0.035	0.552	0.520	0.061
3	0.357	0.376	0.051	0.411	0.396	0.037	0.453	0.449	0.009	0.538	0.520	0.035
6	0.404	0.400	0.010	0.436	0.421	0.035	0.439	0.477	0.080	0.584	0.552	0.057
7	0.406	0.400	0.014	0.412	0.422	0.023	0.516	0.478	0.081	0.572	0.553	0.034
8	0.403	0.400	0.007	0.439	0.422	0.041	0.475	0.477	0.005	0.580	0.553	0.049
9	0.411	0.400	0.027	0.392	0.422	0.070	0.483	0.477	0.012	0.535	0.553	0.032
10	0.397	0.400	0.008	0.388	0.421	0.079	0.448	0.477	0.061	0.553	0.553	0.001
15	0.420	0.414	0.014	0.436	0.436	0.001	0.478	0.494	0.033		0.572
16	0.410	0.414	0.010	0.424	0.436	0.028	0.496	0.494	0.004		0.572
21	0.420	0.425	0.013	0.411	0.448	0.083	0.521	0.507	0.027		0.588
22	0.455	0.425	0.070	0.418	0.448	0.067	0.528	0.507	0.041		0.588
23	0.438	0.426	0.029	0.391	0.448	0.128	0.482	0.508	0.050		0.588
24	0.432	0.425	0.016	0.436	0.448	0.027	0.506	0.507	0.003		0.588
25	0.414	0.425	0.027	0.439	0.448	0.021	0.506	0.508	0.003		0.588

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表 4 椭球端盖所受载荷峰值压力与圆柱壳体部分所受载荷峰值压力的比较

Table 4. Comparison between the peak pressure of the load on the ellipsoid end cap and the peak pressure of the load on the cylindrical shell

试验编号	装药质量/g	装药位置	试验/MPa		p₅/p₁	试验编号	装药质量/g	装药位置	试验/MPa		p₅/p₁
试验编号	装药质量/g	装药位置	p₅	p₁	p₅/p₁	试验编号	装药质量/g	装药位置	p₅	p₁	p₅/p₁
1	26.7	O	2.72	2.64	1.03	15	105.7	O	19.07	7.34	2.47
2	27.1	O	2.89	2.36	1.23	16	105.2	O		7.73
3	26.7	O	3.01	2.41	1.25	21	154.5	O	13.77	11.44	1.20
6	63.7	O	6.93	5.33	1.30	22	154.3	O	13.69	11.49	1.19
7	64.8	O	14.48	5.42	2.67	23	155.2	O	18.30	11.17	1.64
8	64.4	O	9.18	5.76	1.59	24	154.2	O		10.88
9	64.7	O	14.26	5.11	2.79	25	154.7	O		11.52
10	64.1	O	13.41	5.58	2.40

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表 5 容器内部准静态压力平均值

Table 5. Average quasi-static pressures inside the vessel

平均装药质量/g	准静态平均压力/MPa
26.74	0.16
64.04	0.36
105.05	0.54
154.59	0.65

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