Thermo-mechanical characteristics of pre-tensioned fiber fabrics subjected to hypervelocity impact
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摘要: 高性能纤维织物承力层承担充气舱的内压载荷，并为充气舱提供空间碎片防护。充气舱内压载荷将导致纤维织物承力层产生预张力，并对纤维织物的空间碎片超高速碰撞特性产生显著影响，从而影响其空间碎片防护性能。为分析预张力对纤维织物超高速碰撞过程中热-力学特性的影响，采用Johnson-Cook强度模型和Mie-Grüneisen状态方程建立了纤维材料热-力耦合材料模型，利用有限元法-光滑粒子流体动力学耦合算法对纤维织物的纱线编织结构进行离散建模，并通过施加张力载荷实现纤维织物靶板的预拉伸，进而建立了预张力纤维织物超高速碰撞数值模型，分析并得到了预张力作用下纤维织物超高速碰撞热-力学特性及空间碎片防护性能。结果表明：在弹丸超高速碰撞下，随着预张力的提高，纤维织物穿孔面积增大，碎片云扩散角减小，弹丸动能吸收率降低，碰撞区域温度降低。预张力的存在显著降低了纤维织物的空间碎片防护性能。Abstract: In an inflatable capsule, a bearing layer, which consists of high-performance fiber fabrics, is always used to bear its internal pressure load and to provide space debris protection. The pre-tension of the fiber fabric bearing layer, resulting from the pressure load, has a significant effect on the characteristics of the fiber fabric under space debris hypervelocity impact, thereby affecting the space debris protection performance of the inflatable capsule. To consider the thermo-mechanical behavior during hypervelocity impact, a numerical model for hypervelocity impact on pre-tensioned fiber fabrics is developed by introducing the Johnson-Cook strength model and Mie-Grüneisen state equation. The finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FEM-SPH) coupling algorithm is used to discrete the yarn weaving structure of fiber fabrics. A fabric panel that has a rectangular configuration is pre-stretched by applying tensile stress boundary conditions. A projectile is then launched at a preset velocity and hit the four-side clamped pre-tensioned fiber fabric to simulate the hypervelocity impact process. The thermal-mechanical properties and space debris protection performance of the pre-tensioned fiber fabrics under hypervelocity impact are analyzed. The results show that with an increase in pre-tension, the perforation diameter of the fiber fabric increases, while the diffusion angle of the debris, as well as the absorption rate of the projectile kinetic energy and the temperature of the impact area, decrease. As a result, the pre-tension significantly reduces the space debris protection performance of the fiber fabrics.
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Key words:
- hypervelocity impact /
- fiber fabric /
- thermo-mechanical properties /
- inflatable capsule /
- space debris
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图 4 弹体和单层纤维织物之间的超高速碰撞数值模型
Figure 4. A numerical model for hypervelocity impact between a projectile and a one-layer fabric
图 5 不同织物单元规模下的弹丸动能变化历程曲线
Figure 5. Kinetic energy-time curves of the projectiles with different element numbers in the yarn section
图 8 纤维织物承力层预张力随舱内压的变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation of the fabric pre-tension with the pressure in the inflatable capsule
图 9 预张力不同的纤维织物在弹丸超高速碰撞下的应力云图和穿孔形貌（t=4.5 μs）
Figure 9. Stress nephograms and perforation morphologies of fiber fabrics with different pre-tensions under hypervelocity-projectile impact (t=4.5 μs)
图 10 在弹丸碰撞作用下，不同预张力纤维织物的穿孔面积
Figure 10. Perforated areas in the fiber fabrics with different pre-tensions under hypervelocity-projectile impact
图 11 预张力为500 MPa的纤维织物与弹丸的超高速碰撞过程
Figure 11. Hypervelocity impact process between a fiber fabric with the pre-tension of 500 MPa and a projectile
图 13 碎片云扩散角随预张力变化曲线
Figure 13. Debris cloud expansion anglesunder different pre-tensions
图 14 不同预张力状态下织物的弹丸动能吸收率
Figure 14. Projectile kinetic energy absorption ratios by fiber fabrics with different pretensions
图 17 不同表征点的温度随时间的变化曲线
Figure 17. Variation of the temperatures with time at different characterization points
图 18 不同表征点的最高温度随其与碰撞中点距离的变化曲线
Figure 18. Variation of the maximum temperatures at different characterization points with their distances from the impact center
图 19 不同预张力下表征点Ele-1的最高温度变化曲线
Figure 19. Variation of the maximum temperature at characterization point Ele-1 with pre-tension.
表 1 不同应变率下Kevlar 纤维束拉伸强度[19]
Table 1. Tensile strength of Kevlar fiber bundle at different strain rates[19]
$\dot \varepsilon $/s−1 $\sigma $/GPa $\dot \varepsilon $/s−1 $\sigma $/GPa 0.001 2.34 140 2.94 0.01 2.47 440 3.02 1350 3.08 
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材料 G/MPa A/MPa B/MPa n C m Tr/K Tm/K cp/(J·kg−1·K−1) 2024 铝合金 27475 369 684 0.73 0.0083 1.7 273 775 875 芳纶纤维 25740 2340 60.79 1 0.00623 1 273 700 142
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