Structural design of a slotted wrapping buffer head cap of vehicles and its load reduction performance
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摘要: 针对空投航行体和火箭助飞航行体高速入水过程中遭受巨大的冲击载荷，可能导致的结构损坏、弹道失控等问题，提出了一种开槽包裹式缓冲头帽，用于保护航行体入水过程中的结构安全。首先，给出了缓冲头帽的详细设计参数，基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉算法，建立了航行体带缓冲头帽高速入水数值模型，并对该数值模型的正确性进行了验证。然后，在此基础上，研究了不同入水角度下，空泡流场的演变过程，分析了入水时缓冲材料的应力分布情况。最后，探究了不同入水速度和入水角度下缓冲头帽的降载性能。结果表明，数值计算所得空泡形态与实验图像基本吻合，且数值计算和实验测试所得的冲击加速度变化趋势基本一致，两者轴向加速度峰值相对误差为6.72%，径向加速度峰值相对误差为7.52%。航行体装备所设计的缓冲头帽以300 m/s的速度垂直入水时轴向降载率为22.17%；以100 m/s的速度60°入水时，轴向降载率为31.83%，径向降载率为66.80%。
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关键词:
- 航行体 /
- 高速入水 /
- 缓冲头帽 /
- 降载性能 /
- 任意拉格朗日-欧拉算法
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of structural damage and ballistic runaway caused by huge impact loads suffered by air-drop vehicles and rocket-assisted vehicles during high-speed water-entry, a slotted wrapping buffer head cap was proposed to guarantee the structural safety of the vehicles during water entry. Firstly, the structural composition and detailed parameters of the head cap were given, and a numerical model for the high-speed water-entry of the vehicles was established based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm. The Lagrangian viewpoint was used to solve the small deformation of the vehicle and the head cap, and the Eulerian viewpoint was used to capture the large deformation of the free surface such as water and air, thereby overcoming the problems that the Eulerian mesh was not accurate enough to solve the structural deformation and the numerical oscillation caused by mesh distortion in solving large deformation problems by the Lagrangian mesh. On this basis, the evolution processes of the cavity and flow field around the vehicle entering the water with the head cap at different angles were studied by numerical simulation, and the interaction process between the head cap and the water was given. Furthermore, the distribution of effective stress of the buffer was analyzed when it entering the water vertically and obliquely. Finally, the load reduction performances of the head cap when the vehicle entered the water at different velocities and angles were investigated. The results show that the cavities obtained by the simulation are basically consistent with the experimental images, and the change trends of impact acceleration are basically consistent with the experimental results. The relative error of the axial peak acceleration between the numerical simulation and experiment is 6.72%, and the relative error of the radial peak acceleration is 7.52%. The ratio of axial load reduction is 22.17% when the vehicle enters the water vertically with a head cap at 300 m/s. At the same time, the ratio of axial load reduction is 31.83% and the ratio of radial load reduction is 66.80% when the vehicle with a head cap enters the water at 100 m/s and 60°. So this research has a certain guiding role in the design of new load-reduction structure. -
图 5 航行体装配缓冲头帽后整体
Figure 5. The whole body of the vehicle assembled with the buffer head cap
图 8 不同网格尺寸下的加速度系数及其峰值
Figure 8. Time history curves of acceleration coefficient and its peaks under different mesh sizes
图 12 数值计算与实验测试加速度的对比
Figure 12. Comparison of accelerations between simulation and experiment
图 13 航行体以100 m/s、90°入水时流场演化和缓冲件的破坏过程（隐藏罩壳）
Figure 13. Flow field evolution and failure process of buffer when the vehicle enters water at 100 m/s and 90° (hide the nose cap)
图 14 航行体以100 m/s、60°入水时流场演化和缓冲件的破坏过程（隐藏罩壳）
Figure 14. Flow field evolution and failure process of buffer when the vehicle enters water at 100 m/s and 60° (hide the nose cap)
图 15 航行体以100 m/s的速度在不同入水角度下20 ms时水体的速度矢量
Figure 15. Vectors of velocity of the water when the vehicle enters water at 100 m/s and different angles at 20 ms
图 16 航行体以100 m/s、90°入水角入水时缓冲材料的等效应力分布
Figure 16. Distribution of effective stress of the buffer when the vehicle enters water at 100 m/s and 90°
图 17 航行体以100 m/s、60°入水角入水时缓冲材料的等效应力分布
Figure 17. Distribution of effective stress of the buffer when the vehicle enters water at 100 m/s and 60°
图 18 不同的航行体以不同入水速度垂直入水时的加速度时程曲线
Figure 18. Time-history curves of acceleration when different vehicles enter water vertically at different velocities
图 19 不同的航行体以100 m/s的速度在不同入水角度下的轴向加速度时程曲线
Figure 19. Time-history curves of axial acceleration when different vehicles enter water at 100 m/s and different angles
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