比色测温技术在瞬态爆炸温度场测量中的应用研究

张启威; 程扬帆; 夏煜; 王中华; 汪泉; 沈兆武

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0477

比色测温技术在瞬态爆炸温度场测量中的应用研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0477

张启威^1,,
程扬帆^{1, 2, ,},
夏煜¹,
王中华¹,
汪泉¹,
沈兆武²

1.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院，安徽淮南 232001
2.
中国科学技术大学工程科学学院，安徽合肥 230027

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11972046）；安徽省自然科学基金（2108085Y02）；安徽省高校骨干领军人才项目（ZY7092102）；安徽省高校自然科学基金（KJ2020ZD30）；科研育人示范项目（KYX202119）；安徽理工大学研究生创新基金（2021CX2026, 2021CX2092）

详细信息

作者简介:
张启威（1997－　），男，硕士研究生， 944357044@qq.com

通讯作者:
程扬帆（1987－　），男，博士，副教授，博士生导师，cyf518@mail.ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; TJ06; J450.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 265
- HTML全文浏览量: 68
- PDF下载量: 82
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-15
- 修回日期: 2021-11-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-01
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-18

Application of colorimetric pyrometer in the measurement of transient explosion temperature

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究瞬态爆炸温度场分布规律，基于高速相机、黑体辐射理论、图像传感器的拜尔阵列和自编python代码，构建了依据比色测温原理的高速二维温度测试系统，并对添加不同含量TiH₂的乳化炸药、TiH₂粉尘以及C₂H₂气体的爆炸温度场进行了测量。实验结果表明：TiH₂的加入可以显著提高炸药的爆炸温度和火球持续时间，当乳化炸药中的TiH₂质量分数为6%时，爆炸平均温度最大值为3048 K，相比纯乳化炸药提高了41.5%；此外，TiH₂粉尘云火焰平均温度呈现先增大，再稳定，最后减小的趋势，浓度为500 g/m³的粉尘云火焰平均温度高于浓度为833 g/m³的平均温度，其最高平均温度分别为2231 和 2192 K；10%C₂H₂/90%空气预混气体（即体积分数为10%的C₂H₂和90%空气组成）的早期火焰温度均匀，内部略低于边缘温度，随着火焰膨胀，火焰边缘温度逐渐升高，火焰平均温度开始降低。与传统爆炸测温手段相比，比色测温方法可以准确测量某区域的瞬态爆炸温度，获得温度分布云图，为研究瞬态爆轰温度规律及影响因素提供了一种新的技术手段。
- 比色测温 /
- 爆炸温度场 /
- 粉尘爆炸 /
- 乳化炸药 /
- 气体爆炸
Abstract: To study the distribution law of transient explosion temperature field, a high-speed two-dimensional temperature measuring system according to the colorimetric temperature measurement principle was constructed using a high-speed camera, the gray-body radiation principle, Bayer array of the image sensor, and a self-compiled python code. The relationship between the gray value of high-speed camera image and explosion temperature was deduced. And the Bayer filter of the image sensor was used to obtain the intensity information of red, green, and blue light on each pixel, which was calculated through Python code with the edge adaptive interpolation algorithm. A tungsten filament lamp was selected as the temperature source for calibration. The explosion temperature fields of emulsion explosives with different TiH₂ powder contents, TiH₂ dust, and C₂H₂ gas were measured by the system. The experimental results show that the addition of TiH₂ powders could significantly increase the explosion temperature and fireball duration of emulsion explosives. When the mass content of TiH₂ powders in emulsion explosive is 6%, the maximum average temperature of the explosion is 3048 K, a 41.5% increase than that of pure emulsion explosive. In addition, the average flame temperature of the TiH₂ dust cloud increases first, then stabilizes, and finally decreases. The mean flame temperature of the 500 g/m³ dust is higher than that of 833 g/m³ dust, with the corresponding maximum mean temperatures of 2231 and 2192 K, respectively. The early flame temperature distribution of the premixed 10% C₂H₂/90% air was uniform, with the internal temperature slightly lower than the edge temperature. As the flame expands, the flame edge temperature gradually increases, while the average flame temperature begins to decrease, and the maximum average temperature is 2523 K. Compared with the traditional explosion temperature measurement method, the colorimetric pyrometer method can accurately measure the transient explosion temperature in a certain region and obtain the temperature distribution cloud map, which provided a new technical means for studying transient detonation temperature and its influencing factors.
- colorimetric pyrometer /
- explosion temperature field /
- dust explosion /
- emulsion explosive /
- gas explosion

HTML全文

图 1 比色测温流程

Figure 1. Colorimetric temperature measurement process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 拜尔插值运算

Figure 2. Bayer interpolation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 高温钨丝灯的标定实验

Figure 3. Calibration using a high-temperature tungsten filament lamp

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 粉末的粒度分布

Figure 4. The particle size distribution of powders

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 炸药爆炸及比色测温实验

Figure 5. The explosive explosion and colorimetric temperature measurement experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 粉尘爆炸实验系统

Figure 6. Dust explosion experimental system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 气体爆炸测试装置

Figure 7. Gas explosion test system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 无TiH₂粉末乳化炸药不同时刻的爆炸温度

Figure 8. The explosion temperature maps of emulsion explosive without TiH₂ powders at different times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 含6% TiH₂粉末的乳化炸药在不同时间的爆炸温度

Figure 9. Explosion temperature maps of the emulsion explosive with 6% TiH₂ powder at different times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 质量浓度为500 g/m³的TiH₂尘云中的火焰温度发展

Figure 10. Flame temperature development in the 500 g/m³ TiH₂ dust clouds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 质量浓度为833 g/m³的TiH₂尘云中的火焰温度发展

Figure 11. Flame temperature development in the 833 g/m³ TiH₂ dust clouds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同质量浓度的TiH₂粉尘云温度曲线

Figure 12. Temperature curves of TiH2 dust clouds with different concentrations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 10%C₂H₂/70%空气火焰发展的温度分布图

Figure 13. Evolution of the flame temperature distribution of the 10%-C₂H₂/70%-air mixture

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 乳化基质的质量分数

Table 1. Mass fraction of emulsion matrix

NH₄NO₃ NaNO₃ C₁₈H₃₈ C₁₂H₂₆ C₂₄H₄₄O₆ H₂O

0.75 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.08

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 乳化炸药样品的组成

Table 2. Composition of emulsion explosive samples

样品质量分数/%
乳化基质 GMs TiH₂

A 96 4 0
B 90 4 6

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(24)

[1]	KAMLET M J, JACOBS S J. Chemistry of detonations: I: a simple method for calculating detonation properties of C-H-N-O explosives [J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1968, 48(1): 23–35. DOI: 10.1063/1.1667908.
[2]	BASSETT W P, DLOTT D D. High dynamic range emission measurements of shocked energetic materials: octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2016, 119(22): 225103. DOI: 10.1063/1.4953353.
[3]	FROST D L, CLEMENSON J M, GOROSHIN S, et al. Thermocouple temperature measurements in metalized explosive fireballs [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2021, 46(6): 899–911. DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000328.
[4]	LEBEL L S, BROUSSEAU P, ERHARDT L, et al. Measurements of the temperature inside an explosive fireball [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2013, 80(3): 031702. DOI: 10.1115/1.4023561.
[5]	LEWIS W K, RUMCHIK C G. Measurement of apparent temperature in post-detonation fireballs using atomic emission spectroscopy [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 105(5): 056104. DOI: 10.1063/1.3089251.
[6]	ADUEV B P, NURMUKHAMETOV D R, LISKOV I Y, et al. Measuring the temperature of PETN explosion products with iron inclusions [J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2017, 53(3): 349–352. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508217030133.
[7]	OLOKUN A, LI B, PRAKASH C, et al. Examination of local microscale-microsecond temperature rise in HMX-HTPB energetic material under impact loading [J]. JOM, 2019, 71(10): 3531–3535. DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03709-z.
[8]	WANG L Y, DU H M, XU H. Compensation method for infrared temperature measurement of explosive fireball [J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2019, 680: 178342. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2019.178342.
[9]	GOROSHIN S, FROST D L, LEVINE J, et al. Optical pyrometry of fireballs of metalized explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2006, 31(3): 169–181. DOI: 10.1002/prep.200600024.
[10]	DENSMORE J M, HOMAN B E, BISS M M, et al. High-speed two-camera imaging pyrometer for mapping fireball temperatures [J]. Applied Optics, 2011, 50(33): 6267–6271. DOI: 10.1364/AO.50.006267.
[11]	CHANG P J, MOGI T, DOBASHI R. An investigation on the dust explosion of micron and nano scale aluminium particles [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2021, 70: 104437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104437.
[12]	KEYVAN S, ROSSOW R, ROMERO C. Blackbody-based calibration for temperature calculations in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges using a spectrometer [J]. Fuel, 2006, 85(5/6): 796–802. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.033.
[13]	ADAMS JR J E, HAMILTON JR J F. Adaptive color plane interpolation in single sensor color electronic camera: US5652621A [P]. 1997-07-29.
[14]	CHENG Y F, YAO Y L, WANG Z H, et al. An improved two-colour pyrometer based method for measuring dynamic temperature mapping of hydrogen-air combustion [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(69): 34463–34468. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.224.
[15]	YAO Y L, CHENG Y F, ZHANG Q W, et al. Explosion temperature mapping of emulsion explosives containing TiH₂ powders with the two-color pyrometer technique [J/OL]. Defence Technology, (2021-10-12)[2021-11-15]. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dt.2021.09.020. DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.09.020.
[16]	CHENG Y F, MA H H, SHEN Z W. Detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives sensitized by MgH₂ [J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2013, 49(5): 614–619. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508213050134.
[17]	程扬帆, 方华, 刘文近, 等. 乳化炸药中空功能微囊的制备方法及性能表征 [J]. 含能材料, 2019, 27(9): 792–800. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2019039. CHENG Y F, FANG H, LIU W J, et al. Preparation and application of functional hollow microcapsules in emulsion explosives [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2019, 27(9): 792–800. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2019039.
[18]	SILVESTROV V V, BORDZILOVSKII S A, KARAKHANOV S M. Detonation temperature measurement of the emulsion explosive [J]. Doklady Physics, 2014, 59(9): 398–400. DOI: 10.1134/S1028335814070131.
[19]	CHENG Y F, MENG X R, FENG C T, et al. The effect of the hydrogen containing material TiH₂ on the detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2017, 42(6): 585–591. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201700045.
[20]	刘文近, 程扬帆, 陆松来, 等. PVAc弹性微球包覆的高能化学点火具的点火性能 [J]. 含能材料, 2018, 26(6): 530–536. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2018.06.011. LIU W J, CHENG Y F, LU S L, et al. Ignition performance of the high energy chemical igniter coated with a PVAc elastic microsphere [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2018, 26(6): 530–536. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2018.06.011.
[21]	YOUNG G, JIAN G Q, JACOB R, et al. Decomposition and ignition characteristics of titanium hydride at high heating rates [J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2015, 187(8): 1182–1194. DOI: 10.1080/00102202.2015.1019619.
[22]	王文涛, 程扬帆, 姚雨乐, 等. 当量比对乙炔/空气爆炸特性和火焰速度的影响[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 53(2): 433−442. WANG W T, CHENG Y F, YAO Y L, et al. Effects of equivalence ratios on explosion characteristics and flame speeds of acetylene/air mixture[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2022, 53(2): 433−442.DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2022.02.008
[23]	高志崇. 烃燃烧反应机理探讨 [J]. 辽宁大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 29(3): 266–271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5846.2002.03.017. GAO Z C. Mechanism of hydrocarbon combustion reaction [J]. Journal of Liaoning University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2002, 29(3): 266–271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5846.2002.03.017.
[24]	CHINTERSINGH K L, NGUYEN Q, SCHOENITZ M, et al. Combustion of boron particles in products of an air–acetylene flame [J]. Combustion and Flame, 2016, 172: 194–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.014.