内部爆炸作用下20钢柱壳的变形及相变

李满江; 赵志豪; 董新龙; 付应乾; 俞鑫炉; 周刚毅

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0074

内部爆炸作用下20钢柱壳的变形及相变

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0074

李满江^{1, 2,},
赵志豪^{1, 2},
董新龙^{1, 2, ,},
付应乾²,
俞鑫炉³,
周刚毅¹

1.
宁波大学机械工程与力学学院，浙江宁波 315211
2.
宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波 315211
3.
宁波大学科学与技术学院，浙江宁波 315211

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11932108，11672143）；冲击与安全工程教育重点实验室开放课题（CJ202013）

详细信息

作者简介:
李满江（1998－　），男，硕士研究生，manjiangli@qq.com

通讯作者:
董新龙（1964－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，dongxinlong@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-01
- 修回日期: 2022-11-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-05

Deformation and phase transformation of 20 steel cylinders driven by inner explosion

LI Manjiang^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Zhihao^{1, 2},
DONG Xinlong^{1, 2
, ,},
FU Yingqian²,
YU Xinlu³,
ZHOU Gangyi¹

1.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
3.
College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 研究冲击波作用下金属微观组织变化对于理解柱壳结构在高应变率下的变形及破坏极为重要。实验通过对20钢金属柱壳在内部爆炸载荷作用下的爆炸回收碎片截面进行微观分析，探讨冲击波作用下材料的组织演化、相变特征，同时使用有限元方法对柱壳膨胀断裂过程中的热力学特征进行分析。研究发现：20钢柱壳近内表面满足α→ε相变热力学条件的有限深度区域内，α晶粒内可见明显的平行滑移线分布特征；电子背散射衍射揭示了平行滑移线区域内组织碎化，且存在{112}<111>和{332}<113>两种孪晶，同时平行滑移线的碎化组织区域中存在密排六方晶格（HCP）的ε相结构，而试样原始组织及爆炸后除试样壁厚内部（0~3.0 mm）区域外均未见ε相结构残留。分析认为：冲击过程中发生了α→ε相变；相变引发的材料性能改变将可能影响断裂破坏过程；考虑冲击波作用下金属材料动态相变对结构变形与破坏的影响，对这类柱壳变形及破坏的精密物理模拟具有重要意义，有必要开展进一步研究。
- 20钢柱壳 /
- 爆炸膨胀 /
- 微观分析 /
- 相变
Abstract: Studying the microstructure evolution of metals subject to shock waves is significant for understanding the structural deformation and failure mechanism of such a pipe under a very high rate of loading. The microstructure evolution and phase transformation characteristics of the material under the action of shock wave are discussed through the microscopic analysis of the cross-section of explosive recovered fragments of 20 steel cylindrical shell driven by explosive expansion. The finite element method (FEM) also was used to simulate the explosion experiment of 20 steel cylindrical shell under the condition of PETN charge and to analyze the cylindrical shell’s thermodynamic characteristics during the expansion fracture process. The results show that the α-grans near the cylinder’s inner surface contain numerous slip lines, distributed in parallel. The FEM simulation indicates that these regions meet the α→ε phase transition thermo-dynamic condition. Furthermore, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis of the microstructure of the regions with parallel slips line demonstrates the formation of a strongly fragmented. And there are {332}<113> twins and {112}<111> twins. At the same time, the ε phase structure of the hexagonal close-packed lattice (HCP) exists in the fragmented structure area of the parallel slip line. However, there was no residual ε phase structure in the original structure of the sample and the area except for the sample wall thickness (inner 0–3.0 mm) after the explosion. Analysis deems in which the α→ε→α transformation occurred. The change of material properties caused by phase transformation may affect the cylindrical shell's internal stress and strain state and the fracture process. Considering the impact of the dynamic phase transition of metal materials on the deformation and failure of structures under shock waves, it is significant to accurately simulate the deformation and failure of such cylindrical shells, and it is necessary to further study the influence of phase transformation.
- 20 steel cylinder /
- explosively expanding /
- microscopic analysis /
- phase transformation

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图 1 20钢材料原始组织

Figure 1. Original organization for 20 steel

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图 2 20钢原始组织不同晶粒尺寸的晶粒数量占比分布

Figure 2. Grain number proportion on grain size of original structure of 20 steel

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图 3 金属柱壳爆炸膨胀实验原理及装置

Figure 3. Principle and setup of metal cylinder driven by explosive expanding

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图 4 不同时刻爆轰产物压力和壳体中压力的分布

Figure 4. Pressure distribution of detonation products and shell at different times

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图 5 柱壳厚度方向不同位置径向压力历程

Figure 5. Radial pressure-time curves of different positions in the thickness direction of the cylinder shell

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图 6 不同时刻柱壳壁厚等效塑性应变分布

Figure 6. Equivalent plastic strain distribution of cylindrical shell wall thickness at different times

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图 7 径向不同位置经历的最大压力和温度

Figure 7. Maximum pressure-temperature experienced at different radial positions

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图 8 碎片横截面破坏金相特征

Figure 8. Metallographic structure of a fragment cross-section

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图 9 沿碎片截面不同深度典型金相组织形貌

Figure 9. Typical metallographic morphology at different depths along wall thickness

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图 10 沿柱壳壁厚方向不同位置处的维氏硬度

Figure 10. Vickers hardness at different locations along the wall-thickness of the cylindrical shell

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图 11 沿试样厚度不同位置的EBSD微观结构

Figure 11. Inverse pole figures of EBSD at the various location along wall thickness

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图 12 沿厚度不同位置处晶粒数量随尺寸的变化

Figure 12. Grain number distribution by grain size at the different locations along wall thickness

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图 13 爆炸后沿柱壳壁厚不同位置的EBSD物相BCC相和HCP相分析结果

Figure 13. Analysis of BCC and HCP phase by EBSD at different locations along the wall-thickness after explosion test

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图 14 沿壁厚不同区域孪晶EBSD衍射带

Figure 14. EBSD diffraction bands of the twins at different locations along the wall thickness

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表 1 20钢柱壳本构参数^[35]

Table 1. Constitutive parameters of 20 steel cylindrical shells^[35]

A/MPa	B/MPa	n	m	C	T_m/K	T_r/K	c_P/(J∙kg⁻¹∙K⁻¹)
333	737	0.15	1.46	0.0080	1525	299	586

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表 2 炸药本构方程相关参数^[36]

Table 2. Related parameters of dynamite JWL constitutive equation^[36]

C₁/GPa	C₂/GPa	$ { \omega } $	R₁	R₂	E₀/(kJ∙m⁻³)	V₀	p_CJ/GPa	ρ_e/(kg∙m⁻³)	D/(m∙s⁻¹)
209.25	5.869	0.30	4.4	1.2	5.1	1	12.5	1128	6280
注：E₀为初始体积内能；V₀为初始相对体积；ρ_e为炸药密度。

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