水下爆炸近壁面流场局部空化形成机理

徐维铮; 黄宇; 李业勋; 赵宏涛; 郑贤旭; 王彦平

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0075

水下爆炸近壁面流场局部空化形成机理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0075

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 装备预先研究领域基金（80928010101）；中国工程物理研究院培育基金（PY20200003）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐维铮（1991－　），男，博士，助理研究员，xuweizheng@whut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
黄　宇（1986－　），男，博士，助理研究员，huangyu@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-01
- 修回日期: 2022-08-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-23
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-05

On formation mechanism of local cavitation in the near-wall flow field caused by an underwater explosion

Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入认识水下爆炸近壁面流场局部空化的形成机理，采用自行研制的转镜式分幅相机，获得了炸药水下爆炸近壁面流场局部空化效应的光学图像，结合数值模拟和Taylor平面波理论、空泡动力学理论，分析了近壁面空化效应的形成过程。结果表明：界面反射的稀疏波作用和水中空化核的膨胀发展是水下爆炸近壁面流场空化效应形成的原因；外界流场压力对空泡初期膨胀运动影响较小，对空泡后期运动行为影响较大；低压环境下不同尺度空泡的运动行为存在较大差异，小尺度空泡（半径小于10 μm）在低压环境下处于快速膨胀、溃灭状态，对流场空化影响较小；大尺度空泡（半径大于10 μm）可失去稳定性，半径持续增大，对流场空化区的形成影响较大；水中不同尺寸空泡空间分布的随机性可导致空化区成长过程中呈现非规则形状。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 空化效应 /
- 流场 /
- 近壁面 /
- 冲击波
Abstract: In order to deeply understand the formation mechanism of local cavitation in the near-wall flow field caused by an underwater explosion, the optical images showing the local cavitation effect near the wall were obtained by using a self-developed rotating-mirror framing camera with high frequency and high resolution. Numerical simulations were carried out to present the flow-field pressure of shock wave propagation by giving the location of the cavitation area. The Taylor plane wave theory, an efficient method for describing the formation time of local cavitation, was applied to explain the reason that the cavitation did not form in the experimental case 1 that the explosive center was 120 mm from the wall. And the cavitation dynamics theory was used to analyze the local cavitation effect in the experimental case 2 that the explosive center was 80 mm from the wall, by calculating the motion laws of the cavities with different radii under different external environmental pressures. It is indicated that the existence of the rarefaction waves reflected by the interfaces and the expansion of the cavitation nuclei in the water result in the cavitation effects in the near-wall flow field. The external flow-field pressure hardly affects the initial stage of cavitation bubble expansion, but it exerts great influences on the movement behavior of the cavitation bubbles in the later stage. The cavitation bubbles with different sizes will take on different movement behaviors in the low-pressure environment. The cavitation bubbles with the small size less than 10 μm will expand and collapse rapidly in the low-pressure environment so that they have little effects on the flow field cavitation. While the cavitaion bubbles with the large size more than 10 μm may lose the stability, with the result that they have great influences on the flow-field cavition. The random spatial distribution of different-size cavitation nuclei in water is the main reason that the cavitation zone presents an irregular shape during the evolution progress.
- underwater explosion /
- cavitation effect /
- flow field /
- near wall /
- shock wave

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图 1 实验布局

Figure 1. Experimental layout

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图 2 测试系统

Figure 2. Test system

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图 3 近壁面冲击波反射演化过程（工况1）

Figure 3. Evolution of reflected shock waves near the wall in case 1

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图 4 近壁面空化演化过程（工况2）

Figure 4. Evolution of cavitation near the wall in case 2

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图 5 不同外界流场压力下空泡运动半径和速度时间历程曲线

Figure 5. Time histories of radius and velocity of cavitation bubbles under different external pressures

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图 6 不同半径空泡在外界流场压力p_l = 0下运动半径和速度时间历程曲线

Figure 6. Time histories of radius and velocity of cavitation bubbles with different radii under the external pressure p_l = 0

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表 1 水的材料参数^[18]

Table 1. Parameters of water^[18]

A₁/GPa A₂/GPa A₃/GPa B₀ B₁ T₁/GPa T₂/GPa ρ₀/(g∙cm⁻³) p₀/Pa e₀/(J∙kg⁻¹)

2.20 9.54 14.57 0.28 0.28 2.20 0 1.0 101 325 361.875

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 B炸药的材料参数^[18]

Table 2. Parameters of Comp B^[18]

A/GPa B/GPa R₁ R₂ ω p_CJ/GPa D_CJ/(m∙s⁻¹) ρ_e/(g∙cm⁻³) E₀/(GJ∙m⁻³)

524.2 7.68 4.20 1.10 0.34 29.5 7980 1.717 8.5

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