钙质砂介质中爆炸波传播规律的试验研究

潘亚豪; 宗周红; 钱海敏; 黄杰; 单玉麟

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0117

钙质砂介质中爆炸波传播规律的试验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0117

东南大学爆炸安全防护教育部工程研究中心，江苏南京 211189

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2021YFC3100700）

详细信息

作者简介:
潘亚豪（1995－　），女，博士研究生，panyahao@seu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
宗周红（1966－　），男，教授，zongzh@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: 0382
计量
- 文章访问数: 310
- HTML全文浏览量: 77
- PDF下载量: 130
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-25
- 修回日期: 2022-12-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-05

Experimental study on blast wave propagation in calcareous sand

Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion & Impact of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 开展了一系列钙质砂和石英砂的地面爆炸试验，主要对比分析了两种砂土介质中爆炸波的传播规律，包括峰值压力、弹塑性波速及升压时间、爆坑尺寸等。试验结果表明，爆炸波在钙质砂中的传播与在石英砂中存在较大差异：地面爆炸作用下钙质砂爆坑较石英砂爆坑的直径和深度更小，且成坑形状为两阶同心圆；钙质砂中弹性波速为236～300 m/s，石英砂中弹性波速为218～337 m/s，弹性波速和塑性波速均随炸药质量增加而增大；爆炸波在钙质砂中的升压时间随比例距离的增加而增加，而在石英砂中升压时间随比例距离变化不明显，且较钙质砂中升压更迅速；在地面爆炸作用下，低含水率钙质砂的衰减系数为2.86，石英砂为2.79。
- 钙质砂 /
- 石英砂 /
- 地面爆炸 /
- 地冲击
Abstract: Calcareous sand is widely distributed in coastal areas, and its engineering and mechanical properties are significantly different from terrestrial sands. To study the blast wave propagation in calcareous sand, a series of explosion tests with various charge weights on the ground surface were carried out in calcareous sand and silica sand. Pressure time-history curves at positions directly below the explosion center were measured. The propagation laws of two kinds of sands were investigated, including peak pressure, wave velocities of elastic and plastic waves, the rise time of pressure and size of cater. The results show that the blast wave propagation in calcareous sand differs from that in silica sand. Tests under 0.2 kg and 0.8 kg charge weight were conducted twice. And the results show that the explosion experiment is repeatable. Cater produced by the surface explosion in calcareous sand has a smaller size than in silica sand, and the shape of the cater is two-tier concentric circles, one of which is small in diameter and large in depth, and the other is large in diameter and small in depth. The elastic velocity in calcareous sand is 236 m/s to 300 m/s, and that in silica sand is 218 m/s to 337 m/s, while the elastic wave and plastic wave velocity increase with the increase of the explosive charge. The rise time of the blast wave pressure in calcareous sand increases with the increase of scaled distance. In silica sand, rise time does not change with the scaled distance and is much smaller than that in calcareous sand. The measured peak pressures are fitted by using a power function of scaled distance. The attenuation laws of peak pressure in calcareous sand and silica sand are derived. The attenuation coefficient of calcareous sand with low moisture content is 2.86, and 2.79 for silica sand.
- calcareous sand /
- silica sand /
- ground explosion /
- ground shock

HTML全文

图 1 砂土试样

Figure 1. Sand specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 试验用砂土级配曲线

Figure 2. Particle size distribution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 试验现场

Figure 3. Test site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 土压力传感器布置

Figure 4. Locations of pressure sensors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 相同爆炸药量同测点压力和冲量时程曲线对比图

Figure 5. Comparison of pressure time-history and impulse time-history curves at the same location

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 爆炸试验前后钙质砂颗粒级配曲线

Figure 6. Particle size distribution before and after the explosion

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 爆炸后钙质砂和石英砂表面形成的爆坑

Figure 7. Craters on the surface of calcareous sand and silica sand after the explosions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 爆坑尺寸定义

Figure 8. Definition of crater sizes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 爆心正下方不同深度的压力时程曲线

Figure 9. Pressure time-history curves at different depths directly below the explosion center

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 冲量试验结果及其拟合曲线

Figure 10. Experimental results and fitting curves of the scaled impulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 爆心距与波阵面到达时刻线性拟合曲线

Figure 11. Linear fitting curves of explosion center distance and arrival time of wave front

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 爆心距与压力峰值到达时刻线性拟合曲线

Figure 12. Linear fitting curves of explosion center distance and arrival time of pressure peak

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 爆炸波升压时间与比例距离关系

Figure 13. The relationship between rise time and scaled distance

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 峰值压力实测值和拟合曲线

Figure 14. Experimental results and fitting curves of peak pressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 峰值压力试验值与计算值对比

Figure 15. Comparison of peak pressures measured value and calculated value

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 爆炸试验参数设计表

Table 1. Measured parameters of explosion test

试验编号	土体类型	装药质量/kg	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)
试验编号	土体类型	装药质量/kg	H = 0.35 m	H = 0.50 m	H = 0.65 m
CS-1	钙质砂	0.2	0.64	0.90	1.15
CS-2		0.4	0.52	0.72	0.93
CS-3		0.8	0.45	0.61	0.78
CS-4		1.6	0.33	0.46	0.59
SS-1	石英砂	0.2	0.62	0.88	1.13
SS-2		0.4	0.51	0.71	0.92
SS-3		0.8	0.40	0.57	0.73
SS-4		1.6	0.34	0.47	0.60
SS-5		3.2	0.27	0.37	0.48

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 相同爆炸药量同测点峰值压力对比

Table 2. Comparison of peak pressure at the same location

W/kg	试验	H = 0.35 m		H = 0.50 m		H = 0.65 m
W/kg	试验	峰值压力/MPa	相对差值/%	峰值压力/MPa	相对差值/%	峰值压力/MPa	相对差值/%
0.2	1	0.86	31.07	0.46	22.93	0.34	19.49
0.2	2	1.13	31.07	0.57	22.93	0.40	19.49
0.8	1	3.99	1.87	1.65	3.59	1.07	2.49
0.8	2	4.06	1.87	1.71	3.59	1.10	2.49
注：相对差值 = (第2次峰值压力-第1次峰值压力)/第1次峰值压力×100 %。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 钙质砂和石英砂爆坑尺寸

Table 3. Crater sizes of calcareous sand and silica sand

W/kg	材料	d/mm	D/mm	h/mm	∆h/mm
0.2	钙质砂	164	560	68	18
0.2	石英砂	195	590	111	90
0.4	钙质砂	236	673	91	29
0.4	石英砂	195	670	125	90
0.8	钙质砂	288	700	105	30
0.8	石英砂	−	850	150	−

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 波速拟合结果

Table 4. Fitting results of blast wave velocity

试验	弹性波速/(m∙s⁻¹)	拟合优度	塑性波速/(m∙s⁻¹)	拟合优度
CS-1	236	0.996	188	0.998
CS-2	253	0.987	236	0.999
CS-3	294	0.982	361*	1.000
CS-4	300	0.976	294	1.000
SS-1	218	0.995	234	1.000
SS-2	247	0.998	234	1.000
SS-3	290	0.999	285	1.000
SS-4	279	0.999	285	1.000
SS-5	337	0.999	−	−
注：*为异常值。

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 计算参数

Table 5. Parameters of calculation

材料	ρ/(kg∙m⁻³)	c/(m∙s⁻¹)	n	f
钙质砂	1 320	271	2.859	0.14
石英砂	1 390	272	2.786	0.14

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(24)

[1]	单华刚, 汪稔. 钙质砂中的桩基工程研究进展述评 [J]. 岩土力学, 2000, 21(3): 299–304, 308. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2000.03.027. SHAN H G, WANG R. Development of study on pile in calcareous sand [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2000, 21(3): 299–304, 308. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2000.03.027.
[2]	刘崇权, 汪稔. 钙质砂物理力学性质初探 [J]. 岩土力学, 1998, 19(1): 32–37, 44. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.1998.01.006. LIU C Q, WANG R. Preliminary research on physical and mechanical properties of calcareous sand [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 1998, 19(1): 32–37, 44. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.1998.01.006.
[3]	US, Department of the Army. Fundamentals of protective design for conventional weapons: TM5-855-1 [S]. Washington: US Department of the Army, 1986.
[4]	穆朝民, 任辉启, 李永池, 等. 爆炸波在高饱和度饱和土中传播规律的研究 [J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(3): 875–880. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2010.03.051. MU C M, REN H Q, LI Y C, et al. Propagation laws of blast wave in saturated soils with high saturation degree [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(3): 875–880. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2010.03.051.
[5]	屈俊童, 周健, 吴晓峰. 爆炸法密实砂土地基(Ⅰ)——研究现状 [J]. 工程爆破, 2006, 12(3): 14–18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2006.03.003. QU J T, ZHOU J, WU X F. Explosive compaction of sand ground foundation (Ⅰ)-review [J]. Engineering Blasting, 2006, 12(3): 14–18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2006.03.003.
[6]	屈俊童, 周健, 吴晓峰. 爆炸法密实砂土地基(Ⅳ)——设计方法 [J]. 工程爆破, 2007, 13(2): 1–6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2007.02.001. QU J T, ZHOU J, WU X F. Explosive compaction of sand foundation (Ⅳ)-design method [J]. Engineering Blasting, 2007, 13(2): 1–6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2007.02.001.
[7]	屈俊童, 周健, 吴晓峰. 爆炸法密实砂土地基(Ⅱ)——现场试验 [J]. 工程爆破, 2006, 12(4): 4–8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2006.04.002. QU J T, ZHOU J, WU X F. Explosive compaction of sand foundation (Ⅱ)-in situ trails [J]. Engineering Blasting, 2006, 12(4): 4–8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2006.04.002.
[8]	KAGGWA W S, BOOKER J R, CARTER J P. Residual strains in calcareous sand due to irregular cyclic loading [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1991, 117(2): 201–218. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:2(201.
[9]	曹梦, 叶剑红. 中国南海钙质砂蠕变-应力-时间四参数数学模型 [J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(5): 1771–1777. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2018.1267. CAO M, YE J H. Creep-stress-time four parameters mathematical model of calcareous sand in South China Sea [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(5): 1771–1777. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2018.1267.
[10]	LADE P V, LIGGIO JR C D, NAM J. Strain rate, creep, and stress drop-creep experiments on crushed coral sand [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2009, 135(7): 941–953. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000067.
[11]	XIAO Y, LIU H, XIAO P, et al. Fractal crushing of carbonate sands under impact loading [J]. Géotechnique Letters, 2016, 6(3): 199–204. DOI: 10.1680/jgele.16.00056.
[12]	LV Y R, LI X, WANG Y. Particle breakage of calcareous sand at high strain rates [J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 366: 776–787. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.062.
[13]	朱晓亮. 冲击荷载及大荷载作用下钙质砂颗粒破碎特性研究 [D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2015: 1–6. ZHU X L. Study on the crushing characteristics of calcareous sand particles under impact load and large load [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2015: 1–6.
[14]	魏久淇, 吕亚茹, 刘国权, 等. 钙质砂一维冲击响应及吸能特性试验 [J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(1): 191–198, 206. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2017.1235. WEI J Q, LV Y R, LIU G Q, et al. One-dimensional impact responses and energy absorption of calcareous sand [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(1): 191–198, 206. DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2017.1235.
[15]	LV Y R, LI F, LIU Y W, et al. Comparative study of coral sand and silica sand in creep under general stress states [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2017, 54(11): 1601–1611. DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2016-0295.
[16]	吕亚茹, 王明洋, 魏久淇, 等. 钙质砂的SHPB实验技术及其动态力学性能 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(6): 1262–1270. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0179. LV Y R, WANG M Y, WEI J Q, et al. Experimental techniques of SHPB for calcareous sand and its dynamic behaviors [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(6): 1262–1270. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0179.
[17]	于潇, 陈力, 方秦. 珊瑚砂中应力波衰减规律的实验研究 [J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(6): 1520–1529. DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0147. YU X, CHEN L, FANG Q. Experimental study on the attenuation of stress wave in coral sand [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicals and Engineering, 2018, 37(6): 1520–1529. DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0147.
[18]	徐学勇. 饱和钙质砂爆炸响应动力特性研究 [D]. 武汉: 中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所), 2009: 1−13.
[19]	赵章泳, 王明洋, 邱艳宇, 等. 爆炸波在非饱和钙质砂中的传播规律 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(8): 083201. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0389. ZHAO Z Y, WANG M Y, QIU Y Y, et al. The propagation laws of blast wave in unsaturated calcareous sand [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(8): 083201. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0389.
[20]	赵章泳, 邱艳宇, 王明洋, 等. 非饱和钙质砂中平面爆炸波传播试验研究 [J]. 防护工程, 2017, 39(3): 22–28. ZHAO Z Y, QIU Y Y, WANG M Y, et al. Experimental study on plane explosive wave propagation in unsaturated calcareous sand [J]. Protective Engineering, 2017, 39(3): 22–28.
[21]	石晗. 钙质砂地基爆炸响应动力特性试验研究 [D]. 武汉: 武汉科技大学, 2020: 1–6. DOI: 10.27380/d.cnki.gwkju.2020.000474. SHI H. Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of explosion response of calcareous sand foundation [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2020: 1–6. DOI: 10.27380/d.cnki.gwkju.2020.000474.
[22]	张家铭. 钙质砂基本力学性质及颗粒破碎影响研究 [D]. 武汉: 中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所), 2004: 1–9. ZHANG J M. Study on the fundamental mechanical characteristics of calcareous sand and the influence of particle breakage [D]. Wuhan: Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics), 2004: 1–9.
[23]	AMBROSINI R D, LUCCIONI B M, DANESI R F, et al. Size of craters produced by explosive charges on or above the ground surface [J]. Shock Waves, 2002, 12(1): 69–78. DOI: 10.1007/s00193-002-0136-3.
[24]	AMBROSINI R D, LUCCIONI B M. Craters produced by explosions on the soil surface [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2006, 73(6): 890–900. DOI: 10.1115/1.2173283.