成层式防护结构中分散层研究综述

周辉; 任辉启; 吴祥云; 易治; 黄魁; 穆朝民; 王海露

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0280

成层式防护结构中分散层研究综述

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0280

周辉^{1, 2,},
任辉启^{1, 2, ,},
吴祥云²,
易治²,
黄魁²,
穆朝民¹,
王海露²

1.
安徽理工大学深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室，安徽淮南 232001
2.
中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院，河南洛阳 471023

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2021YFC31008）；安徽高校研究生科学研究项目（YJS20210393）

详细信息

作者简介:
周　辉（1995－　），男，博士研究生，huizhou9509@163.com

通讯作者:
任辉启（1953－　），男，博士，研究员，博士生导师，中国工程院院士，Huiq_ren@163.com

中图分类号: O383.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-28
- 修回日期: 2022-08-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-18

A review of sacrificial claddings in multilayer protective structure

ZHOU Hui^{1, 2
,},
REN Huiqi^{1, 2
, ,},
WU Xiangyun²,
YI Zhi²,
HUANG Kui²,
MU Chaomin¹,
WANG Hailu²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
Institute of Defense Engineering, AMS, PLA, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 成层式防护结构通常由伪装层、遮弹层、分散层和主体结构组成，现已被广泛应用于地面、浅埋以及坑道口部的防御工事中。其中分散层作为降低侵彻后爆炸毁伤效应的功能单元，其作用机理主要包括：借助波阻抗失配效应以降低向下部结构传播的能量占比、延长应力波传播路径；利用分层界面产生面波以改善荷载集中状态；通过基体材料不可逆塑性破坏以吸收耗散冲击波能量；增大结构阻尼以减轻主体结构震动效应。开展分散层的相关研究，对提高工程整体防护水平具有重要的现实意义。基于此，从分散层材料与结构型式两个方面较为系统地介绍了国内外成层式防护结构中分散层的研究现状，分析了分散层的结构及物性参数对其防护效能的影响，提出分散层选型及设计需关切的几点问题，并对目前分散层研究中存在的问题进行了探讨与展望，以期为今后分散层的研究发展提供参考。
- 成层式防护结构 /
- 分散层 /
- 轻质吸能 /
- 多孔材料 /
- 波阻抗梯度
Abstract: The multilayer protective structure has been widely used in fortifications located above-ground, shallow burial, and tunnel entrances. And this type of structure usually consists of four parts: camouflage layer, shelter layer, sacrifice layer and protection structure. Among them, the sacrifice layer is the main functional unit to reduce the damage effect of strong explosion after penetration. Its action mechanism mainly includes: reducing the proportion of energy propagating to the substructure and extending the propagation path of stress wave by means of the wave impedance mismatch effect; using the layered interface to generate surface waves to reduce the load concentration; absorbing and dissipating shock wave energy through irreversible plastic failure of the matrix material; increasing the structural damping to reduce the vibration effect of the protection structure. Thus, it is of great practical significance to carry out relevant research to improve the overall level of engineering protection. Taking the materials and structure of sacrifice layer as clues, the current status of research on sacrifice layer in multilayer protective structure at home and abroad is systematically sorted out. On this basis, the influence of structural parameters such as the density, wave impedance, thickness, unit shapes and sizes, moisture content and other physical parameters of the sacrifice layer on the protective performance is analyzed. Moreover, several issues that need to be considered in the selection and design of the sacrifice layer are proposed. The perfect sacrifice layer should be economical, reliable, and have a low wave impedance, sufficient static compressive strength and a certain yield strength, which be able to undergo a large plastic deformation under the condition that the yield stress remains essentially constant. Finally, the problems existing in the current research on the sacrifice layer are discussed and prospected, in order to provide a reference for the research and development of the sacrifice layer in the future.
- multilayer protective structure /
- sacrificial cladding /
- lightweight energy absorption /
- cellular materials /
- wave impedance gradient

HTML全文

图 1 典型的成层式防护结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of typical multilayer protective structure

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图 2 准静态压缩下泡沫混凝土典型的应力应变曲线示意图

Figure 2. Typical stress-strain curves of foam concrete under quasi-static compression

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图 3 空气夹层成层式结构破坏演化过程示意图

Figure 3. Failure evolution process of the multilayer protection structure with an air distribution layer

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图 4 黏弹性阻尼材料的应力-应变曲线及分子链的变化^[69]

Figure 4. Stress-strain curve of viscoelastic damping material and the change of corresponding molecular chains^[69]

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图 5 薄壁柱壳分散层示意图

Figure 5. The distribution layer consisting of thin-walled tubes

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图 6 薄壁柱壳轴向压溃变形模式^[71]

Figure 6. Collapse deformation mode of thin-walled tube under axial compression^[71]

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图 7 不同空间尺度下金属泡沫的结构特征

Figure 7. Structural features of metal foams at different spatial scales

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图 8 三明治夹芯复合结构^[116]

Figure 8. Sandwich composite structure^[116]

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图 9 不同密度梯度分布时多胞材料的防护效能^[125]

Figure 9. Protective effect of cellular materials with different continuous-density graded^[125]

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图 10 不同密度多孔混凝土的抗压强度

Figure 10. Compressive strength of cellular concrete with different density

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图 11 不同密度多胞材料的典型应力-应变曲线示意图

Figure 11. Typical stress-strain curves of cellular materials with different densities

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图 12 不同泡沫混凝土分散层厚度下各层结构内能时程曲线^[15]

Figure 12. Time history curves of internal energy of each layer under different thickness of foamed concrete layer^[15]

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表 1 爆炸地冲击作用下介质物理力学参数^[9-10]

Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of the medium under the ground impact of explosion^[9-10]

介质	波速c/（m·s⁻¹）	波阻抗ρc /（kg·m^-2·s^-1）	衰减指数n
低相对密度松散干砂、黄土和砂砾	180	0.26×10⁶	3.00～3.50
密实的不良级配干砂	274～396	0.57×10⁶	2.50～2.75
相对密度接近100%的极密干砂	488	1.00×10⁶	2.50
黏土、松散不良级配湿砂（含自由水）	152～183	0.28×10⁶～0.34×10⁶	3.00
湿的泥质黏土	213～274	0.41×10⁶～0.57×10⁶	2.75～3.00
砂质填土、回填土、潮湿黏土	300	0.50×10⁶	2.75～3.00
密实的不良级配湿砂（含自由水）	305	0.50×10⁶	2.75
潮湿黄土、粉土	300	0.63×10⁶	2.75～3.00
地下水位以上的潮湿粉土	549	1.09×10⁶	2.50
饱和土	550～1500	1.09×10⁶～3.05×10⁶	1.50～2.50

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表 2 铺设泡沫混凝土分散层后结构层动态响应参数峰值衰减率

Table 2. Peak attenuation rate of dynamic response parameters of protection structure with foam concrete

工况	泡沫混凝土分散层		装药量/kg	结构层动态响应参数类型	峰值衰减率/%	数据来源
工况	密度/（kg·m⁻³）	厚度/cm	装药量/kg	结构层动态响应参数类型	峰值衰减率/%	数据来源
1	450	6～10	44	压力峰值	79.1～89.9	文献[14]
2	475	3	0.014		54	文献[15]
3	610	15	0.2		48.9	文献[13]
4	788	20～120	306		23～28.8	文献[16]
5	799	5～15	−		20.1～40.5	文献[17]
6	788	40～120	−	加速度峰值	30.9～40.2	文献[18]
7	450	6～10	44	速度峰值	62.1～73.3	文献[14]
8	799	5～15	−	速度峰值	7.3～13.3	文献[17]
9	400	20	0.025～0.03	形变量峰值	66.7～83.7	文献[19]
10	475	2～4	0.014		11.9～23.9	文献[15]
11	799	15	−		8.3	文献[17]

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(151)

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