柱形装药近地动爆冲击波周向传播规律研究

王振宁; 尹建平; 伊建亚; 李旭东

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0313

柱形装药近地动爆冲击波周向传播规律研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0313

中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051

基金项目: 2021年山西省基础研究计划（自由探索类）（20210302123207）

详细信息

作者简介:
王振宁（1996－　），男，硕士研究生，2449188587@qq.com

通讯作者:
尹建平（1975－　），男，博士，教授，yjp123@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-26
- 修回日期: 2022-09-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-05

A study on the circumferential propagation law of the shock waves produced by the near ground dynamic explosion of cylindrical charge

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 战斗部复杂的末弹道参数会影响近地爆炸冲击波的周向传播规律及对目标的毁伤程度，研究柱形装药近地爆炸冲击波传播规律对精确评估毁伤效能具有重要的工程意义。基于AUTODYN-3D软件对不同末弹道参数的柱形装药近地爆炸进行了数值模拟，通过对2个方向分别建模，获得了柱形装药近地爆炸下前、后、侧3个方向的冲击波压力数据；研究了战斗部的落速、落角、爆心高度和装药长径比4个参数对柱形装药近地爆炸冲击波传播的影响规律，分析了冲击波的演化过程、峰值压力和马赫杆高度。研究结果表明：静爆时，爆心高度是影响冲击波马赫杆高度的主要因素，落角与装药长径是影响马赫杆高度方向差异的主要因素；动爆时，能够增大周向马赫杆高度，前方最显著；另外，随着动爆速度的提升，前向冲击波峰值线性增大。正交优化的结果显示，4种变量中，动爆速度对柱形装药前方峰值压力极差最大，落角对后方峰值压力极差最大，爆心高度对马赫杆高度影响最大。通过研究柱形装药近地动爆冲击波周向传播规律，表明合理的调整装药参数和近地爆炸姿态对实现某方向的最大毁伤或减小超压伤害具有借鉴意义。
- 柱形装药 /
- 近地爆炸 /
- 正交优化 /
- 马赫波
Abstract: The complex terminal ballistic parameters of the warhead will affect the circumferential propagation law of the near ground explosive wave and the damage degree to the target. Studying the propagation law of the near ground explosive wave of the cylindrical charge has important engineering significance to accurately evaluate the damage efficiency. By using AUTODYN-3D software, the near ground explosion of cylindrical charge with different terminal ballistic parameters is simulated and calculated, and the data of shock wave pressure in the front, back and side directions produced by the near ground explosion of cylindrical charge are obtained by modeling in two directions respectively. Thus, the influences of four parameters, namely, the velocity of the battle group, the impact angle, the height of the explosion center and the ratio of the length to diameter of the charge, on the propagation of the shock wave produced by the near ground explosion of the cylindrical charge are studied. The evolution process of the shock wave, the peak pressure and the height of the Mach stem are analyzed. The results show that the height of the explosion center is the main factor affecting the height of the shock wave Mach stem during static explosion, and the impact angle and the length-to-diameter ratio of the charge are the main factors affecting the difference in the height direction of the Mach stem. During dynamic explosion, the height of circumferential Mach stem can be increased, especially in the front; in addition, the peak value of forward shock wave increases linearly with the increase of dynamic detonation velocity. The results of orthogonal optimization show that the dynamic detonation velocity has the largest range to the front peak pressure of the cylindrical charge among the four variables; the impact angle has the largest range to the rear peak pressure; and the height of explosion center has the greatest influence on the height of Mach stem. By studying the circumferential propagation law of the shock wave produced by near ground dynamic explosion of the cylindrical charge, the results show that reasonable adjustment of the charge parameters and the front of the near ground explosion can be used for reference to achieve the maximum damage or reduce the hyper-pressure damage in a certain direction.
- cylindrical charge /
- near ground explosion /
- orthogonal optimization /
- Mach wave

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图 1 柱形装药近地动爆示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of near ground dynamic explosion of cylindrical charge

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图 2 柱形装药近地爆炸建模及测点布置

Figure 2. Modeling and measuring point diagram of near ground explosion of cylindrical charge

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图 3 实验验证示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of experimental verification

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图 4 不同飞行速度下柱形装药的压力云图

Figure 4. Pressure nephogram of cylindrical charge at different flight speeds

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图 5 不同飞行速度下柱形装药的压力矢量图

Figure 5. Pressure vector diagrams of cylindrical charge at different flight speeds

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图 6 不同起爆条件下柱形装药的压力云图

Figure 6. Pressure nephograms of cylindrical charge under different initiation conditions

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图 7 不同地面条件下柱形装药的压力云图

Figure 7. Pressure nephograms of cylindrical charge under different ground conditions

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图 8 近地爆炸马赫波的产生过程示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of Mach wave generation process of near ground explosion

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图 9 不同时刻下柱形装药的马赫波压力云图

Figure 9. Mach wave pressure nephogram of cylindrical charge at different times

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图 10 不同爆心高度下柱形装药的峰值压力的对比

Figure 10. Comparison of peak pressures of the cylindrical charge under different heights of the explosion center

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图 11 不同高度测点柱形装药的压力曲线

Figure 11. Pressure curves of cylindrical charge at measuring points of different heights

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图 12 入射角与比例炸高的关系

Figure 12. Relationship between incident angle and proportional explosion height

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图 13 近地爆炸冲击波斜反射示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of oblique reflection of shock wave produced by near ground explosion

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图 14 倾斜角度不同时柱形装药的马赫波压力云图

Figure 14. Mach wave pressure nephograms of cylindrical charges with different inclined angles

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图 15 倾斜角度不同时柱形装药的近地状态压力云图

Figure 15. Near ground pressure nephograms of cylindrical charges with different inclined angles

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图 16 倾斜角为45°时不同方向柱形装药的压力云图

Figure 16. Pressure nephograms of cylindrical charge in different directions when the inclination angle is 45°

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图 17 柱形装药的峰值压力随倾斜角度的变化

Figure 17. Peak pressure of cylindrical charge varied with inclined angle

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图 18 不同方向柱形装药的峰值压力随倾斜角度的变化

Figure 18. Variation of peak pressure of cylindrical charge with inclined angle in different directions

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图 19 不同动爆速度下柱形装药的冲击波压力云图

Figure 19. Shock wave pressure nephogram of cylindrical charge under different dynamic explosion velocities

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图 20 柱形装药的峰值压力随动爆速度变化

Figure 20. Diagram of peak pressure of cylindrical charge varying with dynamic explosion velocity

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图 21 不同动爆速度下柱形装药在侧方的马赫波压力云图

Figure 21. Mach wave pressure nephogram of cylindrical charge on the side under different dynamic explosion velocities

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图 22 不同方向柱形装药的峰值压力随动爆速度的变化

Figure 22. Peak pressure varying with dynamic explosion velocity for cylindrical charge in different directions

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图 23 不同长径比柱形装药在前、后方的马赫波压力云图

Figure 23. Mach wave pressure nephogram of cylindrical charges with different aspect ratios at the front and rear

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图 24 不同长径比柱形装药在侧方的马赫波压力云图

Figure 24. Mach wave pressure nephogram of cylindrical charges with different aspect ratios on the side

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图 25 不同方向柱形装药的峰值压力随长径比变化

Figure 25. Peak pressure varying with length-to-diameter ratio for cylindrical charge in different directions

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图 26 正交优化下对装药前方近地峰值压力的各因素影响

Figure 26. Influence of various factors of near ground peak pressure in front of the charge under orthogonal optimization

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图 27 正交优化下对装药后方近地峰值压力的各因素影响

Figure 27. Influence of various factors of near ground peak pressure at the rear of the charge under orthogonal optimization

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图 28 正交优化下对装药前方马赫杆高度的各因素影响

Figure 28. Influence of various factors on Mach stem height in front of the charge under orthogonal optimization

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图 29 正交优化下对装药后方马赫杆高度的各因素影响

Figure 29. Influence of various factors on Mach stem height at the rear of the charge under orthogonal optimization

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表 1 TNT炸药状态方程参数

Table 1. Parameters of equation of state for TNT explosive

A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	E₀/GPa	ω	V
3.7377	3.747	4.15	0.9	0.06	0.3	1

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表 2 空气状态方程参数

Table 2. Parameters of equation of state for air

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	γ	e/(MJ·kg⁻¹)
1.225	1.4	206.8

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表 3 材料模型

Table 3. Material model

材料	状态方程	强度模型	失效模型
空气	理想气体	无	无
TNT	JWL	无	无

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表 4 测点压力的计算值与实验值对比

Table 4. Comparison between calculated values and experimental values on measuring point pressure

TNT质量/kg	测点距离/m	压力/MPa		误差/%
TNT质量/kg	测点距离/m	实验值	计算值	误差/%
2.0	1.12	1.23	1.41	14.56
2.0	1.95	0.69	0.72	4.30
0.8	1.12	0.80	0.90	12.86
0.8	1.95	0.48	0.60	24.17
0.2	1.12	0.30	0.32	6.67
0.2	1.95	0.09	0.14	55.56

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表 5 不同起爆条件下柱形装药的峰值压力

Table 5. Peak pressure of cylindrical charge under different initiation conditions

初始速度/(m·s⁻¹)	2 ms时的压力/MPa			4 ms时的压力/MPa
初始速度/(m·s⁻¹)	激波加动爆	动爆	静爆	激波加动爆	动爆	静爆
600	1.04	1.04	0.98	0.40	0.40	0.39
1 200	0.98	0.98	1.00	0.39	0.39	0.40

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表 6 不同地面条件下柱形装药的峰值压力和马赫杆高度

Table 6. Peak pressure and Mach stem height of cylindrical charge under different ground conditions

地面类型	起爆高度/m	峰值压力/MPa		马赫杆高度/mm
地面类型	起爆高度/m	0.5 ms	1.0 ms	0.5 ms	1.0 ms
刚性地面	0.2	4.21	2.14	650	1 380
沙土地面	0.2	4.12	2.06	610	1 340
刚性地面	1.0	7.95	3.23	20	90
沙土地面	1.0	8.85	3.27	20	90

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表 7 不同倾斜角度下柱形装药在前、后方的马赫杆高度

Table 7. Mach stem heights of cylindrical chargeswith different inclined angles at the front and rear

角度/(°)	马赫杆高度/mm
	1.0 ms		2.0 ms		3.0 ms
	前方	后方	前方	后方	前方	后方
0	90	90	480	480	1 010	1 010
30	310	170	740	1 040	1 180	1 850
60	130	390	750	1 180	1 260	1 900
90	130	130	610	610	1 250	1 250

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表 8 不同长径比柱形装药的马赫杆高度

Table 8. Mach stem height of cylindrical charge with different aspect ratio

长径比	马赫杆高度/mm
	1.0 ms			2.0 ms			3.0 ms
	前方	后方	侧方	前方	后方	侧方	前方	后方	侧方
1∶1	480	150	90	1 250	870	520	1 970	1 520	1 060
1.5∶1	380	170	60	940	990	410	1 480	1 740	890
2∶1	310	170	50	740	1 050	350	1 180	1 850	790
2.5∶1	260	170	40	610	1 080	310	960	1 920	740

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