颗粒群冲击诱导光伏电池性能衰减的特性与机理

王易航; 吴先前; 黄晨光

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0020

颗粒群冲击诱导光伏电池性能衰减的特性与机理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0020

王易航^{1, 2, 3,},
吴先前^3, ,,
黄晨光^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中国科学技术大学环境科学与光电技术学院，安徽合肥 230026
2.
中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院，安徽合肥 230031
3.
中国科学院力学研究所，北京 100190

详细信息

作者简介:
王易航（1997－　），男，硕士，wyhang@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吴先前（1982－　），男，博士，副研究员，wuxianqian@imech.ac.cn

中图分类号: O341
计量
- 文章访问数: 131
- HTML全文浏览量: 24
- PDF下载量: 60
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-28
- 修回日期: 2023-09-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-11

Performance deterioration behavior of photovoltaic cells subjected to massive-particles impact environment

WANG Yihang^{1, 2, 3
,},
WU Xianqian^{3
, ,},
HUANG Chenguang^{1, 2, 3}

1.
School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
2.
Heifei Institute of Physical Sciences, China Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
3.
Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

摘要

摘要: 光伏电池由于具有较高的光电转化效率，在沙漠等太阳能充足的地方被广泛应用。但在沙尘长期冲击的环境下，光伏电池内部结构易出现累积损伤，使光电转化效率大幅降低。因此，研究颗粒群冲击条件下光伏电池的力-电行为具有重要意义。基于分离式霍普金森压杆，发展了一种驱动较大尺寸颗粒群高速冲击的实验方法，并系统测量了不同冲击条件下，多晶硅光伏电池的损伤行为与光电转化性能衰减规律。研究结果表明，随着颗粒直径、冲击速度和数密度的增加，光伏电池的光电转换效率快速降低；颗粒冲击后光伏电池表现出三种典型的损伤模式，并给出了对应的应力阈值条件。基于实验测试结果，发展了多晶硅光伏电池颗粒群冲击损伤诱导光电转化性能退化模型，为沙砾冲击环境下光伏电池光电性能衰减规律提供了有效的预测方法。
- 光伏电池 /
- 颗粒群冲击 /
- 光电转化效率 /
- 转化效率退化模型
Abstract: Photovoltaic cells have been widely used in desert areas and other solar-rich environments due to the relatively high solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency. Under the long-term dust impact condition in the desert dust environment, the internal structures of photovoltaic cells are prone to damage, resulting in a significant deterioration of photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the photoelectric response of photovoltaic cells subjected to massive particles impact. Firstly, a millimeter-scale high-speed particle impact experimental method was developed based on split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) facility. The experimental results showed that the damage of the photovoltaic cell was mainly caused by the first impact, leading to the damage characteristics including shear microcracking, brittle fracture and delamination. Then, the critical stresses corresponding to the three failure modes were analyzed in terms of the initial impact kinetic energy. The first failure mode assumes that high-speed particles behave as fluids, so impulsive compressive stresses are used in the model. The damage in the second failure mode comes from high contact stresses on the impacted surface. The damage in the third mode of failure comes from bending stresses. The photovoltaic performance degradation of the photovoltaic cells after impact under different particle velocities, diameters, and number densities were investigated, showing that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells decreased significantly with the increase of the particle size, the impact velocity, and the number density. Finally, a damage-induced photovoltaic performance degradation (DPPD) model under sand and gravel impact conditions is established to quantitatively describe the influence of impact parameters on the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, in which the two-dimensional damage factor D is proposed to represent the average damage level of the damaged area. The results of the DPPD model are in agreement with the experimental results, validating the applicability of the model for predicting accurately the photovoltaic cell photovoltaic performance under massive sand and gravel impact environment.
- photovoltaic cell /
- massive-particle impact /
- photoelectric conversion efficiency /
- conversion efficiency degradation model

HTML全文

图 1 多晶硅光伏电池结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a polysilicon photovoltaic cell

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 颗粒群冲击实验示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of massive-particles impacting photovoltaic cells

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 颗粒冲击光伏电池过程（颗粒数N=15，冲击速度v=65 m/s，粒径d=3 mm）

Figure 3. Impact history of particles on the photovoltaic cell (N=15, v=65 m/s, d=3 mm)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 光伏电池损伤表征

Figure 4. Damage characterization of photovoltaic cells

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图 5 I-V光电测试电路图

Figure 5. I-V test circuit diagram

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图 6 光伏电池受冲击前后的典型电输出曲线

Figure 6. Typical electrical output curves of photovoltaic cells before and after impact by massive particles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 光电转化效率衰减与小颗粒冲击速度关系（实验数据、DPPD模型拟合结果）

Figure 7. Photovoltaic cell damage characterization versus particle impact velocity (experimental data and DPPD model fitting results)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 光伏电池冲击前后光电测试结果

Table 1. Light-electricity conversion performance of the photovoltaic cells before and after impact

测试编号	颗粒直径/mm	冲击速度m/s	颗粒数	输出功率变化/%	光电转化效率/%	损伤特征
1	3	0	0	0	19.0	完好
2	3	30	5	0	19.0	完好
3	3	40	5	−0.8	18.8	微裂纹
4	3	45	5	−3.2	18.4	微裂纹
5	3	55	5	−6.1	17.8	明显断裂
6	3	45	1	−0.8	18.8	微裂纹
7	3	55	1	−1.4	18.7	明显断裂
8	3	65	1	−2.2	18.6	分层脱胶
9	3	65	10	−22.2	14.7	分层脱胶
10	3	65	15	−30.0	13.3	分层脱胶
11	2	65	10	−0.1	19.0	微裂纹
12	2	87	10	−9.9	17.2	明显断裂
13	2	122	10	−27.0	13.9	分层脱胶
14	2	84	15	−12.3	16.7	明显断裂
15	2	128	15	−36.0	12.3	分层脱胶
16	1	128	100	−2.3	19.0	完好
17	3	45	5	−12.5	16.6	明显断裂
17	2	87	10	−12.5	16.6	明显断裂
18	3	65	10	−23.0	14.6	分层脱胶
18	2	65	10	−23.0	14.6	分层脱胶

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