水动力作用下流冰撞击闸墩的动力响应研究

杨腾腾; 贡力; 董洲全; 杜云飞; 崔越

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0113

水动力作用下流冰撞击闸墩的动力响应研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0113

兰州交通大学土木工程学院，甘肃兰州 730070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51969011）；甘肃省科技计划资助项目（21JR7RA301）；甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室开放基金（21YRWEK003）；甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生“创新之星”项目（2023CXZX-600）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨腾腾（1997－　），男，硕士研究生，2680673647@qq.com

通讯作者:
贡　力（1977－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，gongl@mail.lzjtu.cn

中图分类号: O352; TV672
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-03
- 修回日期: 2023-08-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-12

Dynamic response of flowing ice colliding with a sluice pier under hydrodynamic action

School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

摘要

摘要: 高寒地区河冰撞击河道的闸墩结构会产生极端冰载荷和冰激振动，水的动力效应使得碰撞过程更加复杂。采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉流固耦合方法，考虑作用在流冰和闸墩表面的流体力，建立了水-冰-闸墩耦合模型，探究了偶然极端条件下冰-闸墩碰撞的力学特性，设计了冰-砼碰撞实验。结果表明：冰-砼碰撞实验中，撞击力的模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好；对流固耦合的水动力效应分析发现，水-冰-闸墩耦合模型能够体现水的流体特性，在流冰撞击闸墩近场逼近过程中，初始时刻水的动力效应能够增加流冰的动能，撞击楔入闸墩过程中，水介质形成一个瞬态高压力场，产生水垫效应吸收冰体部分动能，从而抑制流冰运动；在不同流冰体积和压缩强度工况下，闸墩结构所承受的冰力随着流冰体积的增大而增大，流冰压缩强度对冰力的影响较小，流冰损伤与闸墩结构响应主要集中在碰撞接触区，流冰撞击闸墩结构引起冰激振动，流冰体积对闸墩振动加速度的影响较大，相同体积的流冰随着压缩强度的增大，振动幅值差异不明显，表明流冰体积是影响冰-闸墩碰撞的关键参数。
- 流固耦合 /
- 水动力 /
- 闸墩 /
- 撞击力 /
- 冰激振动
Abstract: In frigid regions, the construction of sluice pier structures within river systems is confronted with considerable challenges arising from the presence of severe ice loads and ice-induced vibrations. The collision process between ice and sluice piers is further complicated due to the intricate hydrodynamic effects exerted by water. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method is employed in this research to meticulously account for the fluid forces acting upon both the ice and sluice pier surfaces. A comprehensive coupled model encompassing the interactions among water, ice, and sluice piers is established to thoroughly investigate the mechanical characteristics associated with ice-sluice pier collisions under highly unpredictable conditions. Corresponding ice-concrete collision tests are meticulously designed and conducted, revealing an exemplary concurrence between the simulated impact forces and the values obtained from experimental observations. Upon analyzing the fluid-structure interaction and hydrodynamic effects, the present study demonstrates that the water-ice-sluice pier coupled model adeptly captures the fluid characteristics inherent to water. During the approach of an ice mass towards a sluice pier, the initial hydrodynamic effects initiated by the water medium effectively augment the kinetic energy possessed by the ice. As the ice forcefully interacts with the sluice pier, the water medium swiftly generates a transient high-pressure field, thereby establishing a phenomenon colloquially referred to as the water cushion effect. This effect is manifested by absorbing a portion of the ice’s kinetic energy, effectively dampening its movement. Distinctive scenarios characterized by varying ice volumes and compression strengths elucidate that the ice forces exerted upon the sluice pier structure directly correlate with the magnitude of the ice volume, while the influence of ice compression strength on said forces is relatively negligible. The consequential damages inflicted upon the ice and the response exhibited by the sluice pier structure primarily manifest within the contact area at the moment of collision. Consequently, the collisions between ice and the sluice pier structure induce vibrations that are uniquely attributed to ice-related factors. The volume of ice significantly influences the acceleration of sluice pier vibrations. Furthermore, under the condition of maintaining a consistent ice volumes, an increase in compression strength yields only marginal discrepancies in vibration amplitude. This finding convincingly substantiates the critical role played by ice volume as the paramount parameter governing ice-sluice pier collisions.
- fluid-structure interaction /
- hydrodynamic /
- sluice pier /
- collision forces /
- ice-induced vibration

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图 1 黄河冰凌撞击拦河闸

Figure 1. The Yellow River ice hit the barrage

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图 2 水平冰-闸墩碰撞有限元模型

Figure 2. Horizontal ice-sluice pier collision finite element model

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图 3 静水压力

Figure 3. Hydrostatic pressure

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图 4 冰-砼碰撞测试实验装置

Figure 4. Ice-concrete crash experimental rig

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图 5 最大等效应力云图

Figure 5. Contour of the maximum effective stress

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图 6 模拟和实验得到的撞击过程的应力时程曲线

Figure 6. Stress time history curves of impact processobtained by simulation and experiment

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图 7 不同冰厚下模拟与实验最大应力的对比

Figure 7. Comparison of simulated and experimental maximum stresses for different ice thicknesses

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图 8 不同时刻水流形态变化和y方向应变

Figure 8. Changes in water flow pattern and y-strain of water mediam at different times

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图 9 不同时刻的水流速度和冰速

Figure 9. Water velocity and ice velocity at different times

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图 10 不同工况下冰-闸墩撞击力曲线

Figure 10. Ice-sluice pier impact force curves under different working conditions

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图 11 冰-水耦合压力曲线

Figure 11. Ice-water coupling pressure curve

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图 12 不同体积和压缩强度下的力-时间历程

Figure 12. Force-time histories under different volumes and compression strengths

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图 13 不同体积和压缩强度与撞击力的关系

Figure 13. Relationships of the volume and compressive strength of ice with collision force

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图 14 不同体积和压缩强度工况下冰激振动的加速度-时间历程

Figure 14. Acceleration-time histories of ice-excited vibration under different volume and compression strength conditions

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图 15 流冰损伤和闸墩响应等效应力

Figure 15. Flowing ice damage and contours of pier response equivalent stress

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表 1 闸墩材料模型参数^[21]

Table 1. Material parameters of sluice pier^[21]

混凝土材料参数
密度/（kg·m^–3）	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	初始抗拉极限/MPa	抗剪极限/MPa	断裂韧度/（N·m^–1）	剪切保持力
2 500	30	0.2	4.02	21	0.14	0.03

混凝土材料参数		钢筋材料参数
体积黏度	压屈应力/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	屈服应力/MPa	硬化模量/GPa	失效应变
0.72	42	200	335	10	0.75

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表 2 冰材料模型参数

Table 2. Material parameters of ice

密度/（kg·m^–3）	剪切模量/GPa	屈服应力/MPa	塑性硬化模量/GPa	体积模量/GPa	失效应变	截断应力/MPa
910	2.2	2.1	4.26	5.26	7.69×10^–4	–4.0

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表 3 水和空气介质材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of water and air media

流体介质	密度/（kg·m^–3）	截断压力/Pa	黏度系数/（N·s·m^–2）	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	E₀/MPa	V₀
空气	1.184 5	–10	1.844×10⁻⁵	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0.253	1.0
水	998.21	–1.0×10⁻⁵	1.790×10⁻³	1.0133×10⁵	2.25×10⁹						1.0

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表 4 流冰-闸墩碰撞工况

Table 4. Flowing ice -pier collision conditions

工况	冰厚/m	冰温/℃	冰速/（m·s^–1）	冰体积/m³	冰压缩强度/MPa
1	0.3	–8	1.5	7.2	2.186
2	0.3	–8	1.5	14.4	2.186
3	0.3	–8	1.5	28.8	2.186
4	0.3	–8	1.5	64.8	2.186
5	0.3	–8	1.5	115.2	2.186
6	0.3	–2	1.5	64.8	1.123
7	0.3	–5	1.5	64.8	1.825
8	0.3	–8	1.5	64.8	2.186
9	0.3	–14	1.5	64.8	2.615
10	0.3	–20	1.5	64.8	2.889

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