空心弹高速入水机理及特性数值模拟研究

黄振贵; 范浩伟; 陈志华; 周可; 刘想炎; 王浩

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0156

空心弹高速入水机理及特性数值模拟研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0156

南京理工大学瞬态物理国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12002165）；江苏省自然科学青年基金（BK20210348）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄振贵（1986－　），男，博士，副研究员，hzgkeylab@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-27
- 修回日期: 2023-06-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-11

Numerical simulation study on the mechanism and characteristics of high-speed water entry of hollow projectiles

National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为分析空心弹高速入水的机理及其特性，基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程、VOF（volume of fluid）多相流模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型，引入Schnerr-Sauer空化模型和重叠网格技术对空心弹高速入水进行数值模拟研究，获得了通孔孔径和头部形状对空心弹的空化特性、空泡形态和入水运动特性的影响规律。研究显示数值计算的空泡形态和入水速度、位移曲线与实验结果吻合较好，验证了数值模拟方法的可行性。结果表明：当通孔孔径不同时，通孔孔径越大，空化现象越明显，通孔射流越长，但对空泡半径的影响不大；通孔孔径越小，空泡闭合时间越早，与水面碰撞产生的阻力系数峰值越高，空心弹入水稳定后其阻力系数也越大；无量纲直径在0.575~0.600之间时，空心弹的运动最为稳定。当头部锥角不同时，头部锥角越大，空泡直径越大，空化现象出现得越晚，但空化生成的速度更快；随着头部锥角的增大，阻力系数变大，空心弹的速度衰减变快，相同时间运动的距离较短；头部锥角越大，俯仰角的变化越小，空心弹的运动越稳定。
- 空心弹 /
- 空泡演化 /
- 高速入水 /
- 运动特性
Abstract: To analyze the mechanism and characteristics of high-speed water entry of hollow projectiles, a numerical simulation study of the high-speed water entry of the hollow projectiles was carried out based on the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation (RANS), the volume of fluid (VOF) multi-phase flow model, the realizable k-ε flux model, the Schnerr and Sauer aeration model, the six-degrees-freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method, and the overlapping grid technology. The effects of through-hole aperture and head shape on the cavitation characteristics, cavity morphology, and water entry kinematic properties of the hollow projectile were obtained. The effectiveness of the calculation method was verified by comparing it with the water entry experiment. The results show that the numerically calculated cavity morphology and water entry velocity and displacement curves are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verify the effectiveness of the numerical simulation method. When the through-hole aperture is different, the larger the through-hole aperture, the more pronounced the cavitation phenomenon and the longer the through-hole jet, but the effect on the radius of the cavity is not significant. The smaller the through-hole aperture, the earlier the closure time, the higher the peak drag coefficient resulting from impact with the water surface, and the greater the drag coefficient after the hollow projectile has stabilized in the water. The movement of the hollow projectile is most stable when the dimensionless diameter is between 0.575 and 0.600. When the head cone angle is varied, the larger the head cone angle, the larger the diameter of the cavity, and the later the cavitation phenomenon begins, but the faster the cavitation is generated. As the head cone angle increases, the drag coefficient becomes larger and the velocity of the hollow projectile decays faster, moving a shorter distance at the same time. However, the larger the head cone angle, the smaller the change in pitch angle and the more stable the motion of the hollow projectile.
- hollow projectile /
- cavity evolution /
- high-speed water entry /
- motion characteristics

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图 1 空心弹的结构

Figure 1. Structure of hollow projectile

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图 2 计算域和边界条件示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the calculation domain and boundary conditions

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图 3 计算域重叠网格划分

Figure 3. Overlapping griding of the computational domain

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图 4 不同网格密度下速度、阻力变化曲线

Figure 4. Velocity and resistance variation diagrams for different grid densities

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图 5 实验数据^[24]与模拟数据的对比

Figure 5. Comparison of experimental^[24] and simulated data

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图 6 高速入水空泡演化实验结果^[24]与数值结果对比

Figure 6. Comparison of experimental^[24] and numerical results for the evolution of high-speed water entry cavities

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图 7 不同通孔孔径空心弹的空化效应

Figure 7. Cavitation effects of the hollow projectiles with different through-hole apertures

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图 8 1.0 ms时刻空泡形态对比

Figure 8. Comparison of the cavity morphologies at 1.0 ms

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图 9 不同通孔孔径的空心弹射流长度的变化

Figure 9. Variation of jet length of hollow projectiles with different through-hole apertures

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图 10 空心弹入水时刻0.055 ms时流体的压力和速度

Figure 10. Pressure and velocity of the fluid at 0.055 ms when the hollow projectile enters the water

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图 11 不同通孔孔径空心弹的速度位移变化

Figure 11. Velocity and displacement variations for hollow projectiles with different through-hole apertures

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图 12 不同孔径空心弹阻力系数

Figure 12. Resistance coefficients for hollow projectiles with different apertures

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图 13 不同孔径空心弹俯仰角的变化

Figure 13. Variation of the pitch angles of the hollow projectiles with different apertures

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图 14 不同无量纲直径下的俯仰角及其峰值

Figure 14. Pitch angle and its peak value at different dimensionless diameters

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图 15 不同头型空心弹弹体周围网格

Figure 15. The grids around different head-shaped hollow projectiles

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图 16 不同头型空心弹的空化效应

Figure 16. Cavitation effects of the hollow projectiles with different head types

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图 17 不同入水时刻空心弹空泡形态对比

Figure 17. Comparison of cavity morphologies of hollow projectiles at different water entry moments

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图 18 不同头型空心弹入水速度和入水位移变化

Figure 18. Velocity and displacement variation of hollow projectiles with different head types

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图 19 不同头型空心弹入水阻力系数变化

Figure 19. Resistance coefficients of hollow projectiles with different head types

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图 20 不同头型空心弹入水俯仰角的变化

Figure 20. Variation of the pitch angles of the hollow projectiles with different head types

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表 1 空心弹模型参数

Table 1. Model parameters of hollow projectiles

弹丸模型	d₁/mm	d₂/mm	θ/(°)	m/g	r_C/mm	S/mm²
M1	1.6	4	60	13.215	14.535	36.474
M2	2	4	60	12.837	14.612	35.343
M3	2.4	4	60	12.412	14.773	33.961
M4	2.8	4	60	11.938	14.952	32.327
M5	2.4	4	120	12.528	14.151	33.961
M6	2.4	4	180	12.576	14.014	33.961

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