底隙对装药发射安全性影响机理的数值模拟研究

吴世博; 陈卫东; 路胜卓; 吴培文; 孙明武; 焦子腾

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0222

底隙对装药发射安全性影响机理的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0222

哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

详细信息

作者简介:
吴世博（1992－　），男，博士研究生，wushibo@hrbeu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈卫东（1966－　），男，博士，教授，chenweidong@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 146
- HTML全文浏览量: 85
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-28
- 修回日期: 2023-12-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-14

A numerical study of the impact mechanism of bottom gap on charge launch safety

College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究底隙对装药发射安全性的影响机理，基于物质点法建立了冲击载荷下受底隙影响的热-力-固耦合装药燃烧模型。该模型模拟的PBX装药底部温度与实验结果基本一致，验证了模型的正确性。采用该模型模拟了不同底隙厚度时Composition B（COM B）装药的炮弹发射过程，分析了装药温度变化规律。结果表明：发射过程中，COM B装药温度从底部到顶部逐步降低，装药底部最可能出现点火反应；装药底部温度随着底隙厚度的增加而升高。弹底载荷峰值为324.7 MPa时，COM B装药处于安全状态的底隙厚度不超过0.062 cm。底隙中的空气在发射过程中被压缩，其温度极速升高，导致相邻的装药底部易出现点火反应。
- 底隙 /
- 装药 /
- 发射安全性 /
- 物质点法
Abstract: The issue of charge launch safety under the environment of high rifling pressure, high overload and high initial velocity has been one of the research hot topics. To investigate the impact mechanism of bottom gap on charge launch safety, a thermo-mechanical-solid coupling combustion model of the charge affected by bottom gap under impact loads based on the material point method is established. In this procedure, the formula for calculating temperature of air in the bottom gap during adiabatic compression is deduced, the relationship between the compression amount and the air temperature is quantitatively analyzed, the criteria and equation of state of the multi-material hybrid is constructed, and the calculation method of the temperature at the charge bottom affected by bottom gap in the launch process is established. The launch process of PBX charge with different bottom gap thicknesses is simulated by using the model, and the bottom temperature variation of PBX charge under different conditions are consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the correctness of the model. This model is then used to simulate the launch process of Composition B (COM B) charge with different bottom gap thickness in the launch environment, and the bottom temperature variation of charge is analyzed. The simulation results show that the charge temperature decreases gradually from the bottom to the top in the launch process and the area most likely to experience an ignition reaction is located at the charge bottom. The bottom temperature of COM B charge increases with the increase of the bottom gap thickness. The thickness of the bottom gap shall not be greater than 0.062 cm when the charge is in the launch safety state under the action of loading peak value of 324.7 MPa, which means that the presence of bottom gap seriously affects charge launch safety. From the simulation results, it is clear that the air in the bottom gap can be compressed in the launch process, and its temperature can rise rapidly; while in turn, it transfers heat to the charge bottom adjacent to the air, causing the temperature of the charge bottom to rise and making the charge bottom more susceptible to ignition reactions. The combustion model provides a theoretical basis for studying the charge launch safety.
- bottom gap /
- charge /
- launch safety /
- material point method

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图 1 不同压缩率下的空气温度

Figure 1. The air temperatures at different compression ratios

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图 2 装药加热层温度的计算流程

Figure 2. Calculation flow of temperature at heating layer of charge

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图 3 黏弹性统计裂纹模型

Figure 3. Viscoelastic-statistical crack mechanics model

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图 4 多物质混合状态下的质点

Figure 4. Particles in mixed state of multiple substances

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图 5 物理模型

Figure 5. Physical model

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图 6 加载压力曲线

Figure 6. Loading pressure curve

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图 7 装药底部应力曲线

Figure 7. Stress curves of charge at bottom

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图 8 不同底隙厚度下装药的最高温度

Figure 8. Maximum temperature of charge with different bottom gap thicknesses

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图 9 炮弹的物理模型

Figure 9. Physical model of howitzer

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图 10 作用于炮弹的外部压力载荷

Figure 10. Pressure load acting on the howitzer

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图 11 δ=0 cm时典型时刻的装药温度云图

Figure 11. Temperature clouds of charge at typical moments when δ=0 cm

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图 12 不同位置的装药应力曲线

Figure 12. Stress curves of charge at different positions

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图 13 δ=0 cm时不同观察点的温度曲线

Figure 13. Temperature curves at different observationpositions when δ= 0 cm

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图 14 不同观察点处的装药应力曲线

Figure 14. Stress curves of charge at different observation positions

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图 15 δ=0.055 cm时典型时刻的装药温度云图

Figure 15. Temperature clouds of charge at typical moments when δ=0.055 cm

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图 16 δ=0.055 cm时不同观察点的温度曲线

Figure 16. Temperature curves at different observationpositions when δ=0.055 cm

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图 17 δ=0.062 cm时典型时刻的装药温度云图

Figure 17. Temperature clouds of charge at typical moments when δ=0.062 cm

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图 18 δ=0.062 cm时不同观察点的温度曲线

Figure 18. Temperature curves at different observation positionswhen δ=0.062 cm

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图 19 δ=0.063 cm时典型时刻的装药温度云图

Figure 19. Temperature clouds of charge at typical moments when δ=0.063 cm

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图 20 δ=0.063 cm时不同观察点的温度曲线

Figure 20. Temperature curves at different observationpositions when δ=0.063 cm

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图 21 观察点G5的压力曲线

Figure 21. Pressure curve at G5

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表 1 装药的热力学参数^[33-35]

Table 1. Thermodynamic parameters of charges ^[33-35]

名称	ρ₁/(kg·m⁻³)	c_p1/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	λ₁/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Q₁/(J·kg⁻¹)	Z₁/s⁻¹	E_a1·R⁻¹/K	μ_d1
COM B	1717	1780	0.246	5.82×10⁶	2.01×10¹⁸	2.7×10⁴	0.2
PBX	1842	1810	0.5	5.6×10⁶	5.5×10¹⁹	2.652×10⁴	0.24

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表 2 钢的Johnson-Cook模型参数^[36]

Table 2. Parameters of Johnson-Cook model for steel^[36]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	A_JC/MPa	B_JC/MPa	n_JC	C_JC	m_JC	T_melt/K
7830	792	510	0.26	0.014	1.03	1793

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表 3 装药的JWL方程参数^[37-38]

Table 3. Parameters of JWL equation for charges^[37-38]

名称	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	W/(MPa·K⁻¹)
COM B	1717	7.781×10⁴	−5.031	11.3	1.13	2.2229
PBX	1842	9.522×10⁵	−5.944	14.1	1.41	2.4656

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表 4 钢材的Shock方程参数^[37]

Table 4. Parameters of Shock equation for steel^[37]

ρ_st,0/(kg·m⁻³)	C₀/(m·s⁻¹)	s	Γ
7830	4610	1.73	1.67

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表 5 不同底隙厚度时PBX装药的点火情况

Table 5. Ignition situation of PBX charge with different bottom gap thicknesses

δ/cm	装药底部应力峰值			点火情况
δ/cm	模拟/MPa	实验/MPa	误差/%	模拟	实验
0	117.39	116.15^[24]	1.07	未点火	未点火^[24]
0.05	111.52	110.06^[24]	1.33	未点火	未点火^[24]
0.08				点火	点火^[24]

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表 6 不同底隙厚度时COM B装药的点火情况

Table 6. Ignition situations of COM Bwith different bottom gap thicknesses

δ/cm	装药底部温度峰值/K	高温点	高温区域	点火情况
0	379.30	G5	装药底部	未点火
0.055	491.39	G5	装药底部	未点火
0.062	514.39	G5	装药底部	未点火
0.063	>750.00	G5	装药底部	点火

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