冻结砂岩爆破破岩的能量耗散特性

蒋楠; 张硕彦; 姚颖康; 周传波; 罗学东; 曹华彰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0258

冻结砂岩爆破破岩的能量耗散特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0258

蒋楠^{1, 2, 3, ,},
张硕彦³,
姚颖康^{1, 2},
周传波³,
罗学东³,
曹华彰³

1.
江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056
2.
江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056
3.
中国地质大学（武汉）工程学院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41972286，42072309，42102329）

详细信息

通讯作者:
蒋楠（1986－　），男，博士，副教授，jiangnan@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 159
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
- PDF下载量: 57
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-23
- 修回日期: 2023-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-25

Energy dissipation characteristics of fragmentation of frozen sandstone

1.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
2.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
3.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究冻结岩体的冲击力学性能，并提出寒区爆破开挖工程中合理的爆破炸药单耗，针对寒区典型分布的砂岩，采用室内分离式霍普金森压杆试验与理论分析相结合的方法，开展了冻结砂岩冲击力学性能及爆破破岩能量耗散特性研究。结果表明：(1) 冻结状态砂岩的动态抗压强度和动态弹性模量相比常温状态整体有所提升，而应变峰值整体有所下降。对比静载与动载试验结果，相同物理参数下，砂岩的抗压强度差距不大，而动态弹性模量要明显高于静态弹性模量。(2) 常温和冻结状态砂岩试件的耗散能量均随含水率的增大而逐渐减低，且冻结状态砂岩的耗散能量高于常温状态。相比常温状态，冻结砂岩在含水率为0、0.25ω、0.50ω、0.75ω、1.00ω时，其耗散能量增幅分别为21.6%、64.9%、80.3%、78.2%、83.3%。(3) 相同含水率下，冻结状态砂岩的炸药单耗均高于常温状态，在含水率为0、0.25ω、0.50ω、0.75ω、1.00ω时，冻结状态砂岩爆破炸药单耗相比常温状态分别增加20.4%、61.3%、60.0%、55.6%、66.7%。(4) 将常温与冻结状态砂岩爆破炸药单耗数值进行拟合，得到不同状态砂岩爆破破岩的单耗修正模型，可为寒区爆破工程提供参考。
- 冻结岩体 /
- 动力冲击 /
- 爆破破岩 /
- 能量耗散 /
- 炸药单耗
Abstract: Typical sandstones distributed in cold regions were chosen as the research object to study the impact mechanical properties of frozen rock mass and provide reasonable unit explosive consumption for frozen rock mass in blasting excavation engineering in cold regions. Sandstone specimens with different moisture contents were prepared by the controlled mass method. Comprehensive research methods of indoor split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test and theoretical analysis are used to study the impact mechanical properties and blasting fragmentation energy dissipation characteristics of frozen sandstones. The results are as follows. (1) The dynamic compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of frozen sandstone are overall improved compared to the room temperature state, while the peak strain is generally decreased. Comparing the dynamic and static load test results of the mechanical properties of sandstone, the difference between the compressive strength of sandstones with the same physical parameters under dynamic and static loads is small, and the dynamic elastic modulus is significantly higher than the static elastic modulus. (2) The energy dissipation of room-temperature and frozen sandstone specimens decreases gradually with the increase of moisture content, and the energy dissipation of frozen sandstone is higher than that at room temperature. Under the moisture content of 0, 0.25ω, 0.50ω, 0.75ω, and 1.00ω, the energy dissipation of frozen sandstone increased by 21.6%, 64.9%, 80.3%, 78.2%, and 83.3%, respectively compared with the room temperature state. (3) The unit explosive consumption of frozen sandstone with the same moisture content is higher than that at room temperature, with moisture contents of 0, 0.25ω, 0.50ω, 0.75ω and 1.00ω, the unit explosive consumption of sandstone in the frozen state is 20.4%, 61.3%, 60.0%, 55.6% and 66.7% higher than that in room temperature state. (4) By fitting the unit explosive consumption values of sandstone at room temperature and frozen state, a correction model for the unit consumption of sandstone blasting in different states is obtained, which can provide correction suggestions for the unit explosive consumption for sandstone blasting engineering in cold regions.
- frozen rock /
- dynamic impact /
- blasting fragmentation /
- energy dissipation /
- unit explosive consumption

HTML全文

图 1 改进的SHPB试验装置

Figure 1. Improved SHPB test device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 常温状态下不同含水率砂岩的冲击破坏形态

Figure 2. Impact failure morphology of sandstones with different moisture contents at room temperature

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图 3 冻结状态下不同含水率砂岩的冲击破坏形态

Figure 3. Impact failure morphology of frozen sandstones with different moisture contents

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图 4 常温状态砂岩的动态抗压强度

Figure 4. Dynamic compressive strength of sandstones at room temperature

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图 5 冻结状态砂岩的动态抗压强度

Figure 5. Dynamic compressive strength of frozen sandstones

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图 6 常温状态砂岩的动态应变

Figure 6. Dynamic strain of sandstones at room temperature

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图 7 冻结状态砂岩的动态应变

Figure 7. Dynamic strain of frozen sandstones

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图 8 常温状态砂岩的动态弹性模量

Figure 8. Dynamic elastic modulus of sandstones at room temperature

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图 9 冻结状态砂岩的动态弹性模量

Figure 9. Dynamic elastic modulus of frozen sandstones

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图 10 动静载作用下冻结砂岩力学参数的对比

Figure 10. Comparison of mechanical parameters under dynamic and static loads

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图 11 常温状态砂岩试件的能量曲线

Figure 11. Energy curves of sandstone specimens at room temperature

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图 12 冻结状态砂岩试件的能量曲线

Figure 12. Energy curves of frozen sandstone specimens

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图 13 常温与冻结状态砂岩耗散能量的对比

Figure 13. Comparison of energy dissipation of sandstones at room temperature and frozen state

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图 14 不同状态砂岩爆破破岩的单耗修正模型

Figure 14. Unit consumption correction model for sandstone blasting fragmentation in different states

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表 1 砂岩的静力学参数

Table 1. Static parameters of sandstones

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	T/℃	含水率	c_p/(m·s⁻¹)	σ_c/MPa	σ_t/MPa	E/GPa	μ₀
2.02	20	0	2 800	58.62	16.2	33.52	0.27
2.08	20	0.25ω	2 850	42.36	8.7	22.33	0.27
2.15	20	0.50ω	2 970	34.70	4.7	18.26	0.28
2.20	20	0.75ω	3 120	30.25	4.2	13.61	0.28
2.25	20	1.00ω	3 200	25.63	3.0	11.62	0.28
2.02	–20	0	2 830	60.64	18.4	32.74	0.27
2.08	–20	0.25ω	2 800	50.45	9.5	27.72	0.28
2.15	–20	0.50ω	2 950	46.68	5.6	23.71	0.28
2.20	–20	0.75ω	3 100	41.22	4.4	19.45	0.30
2.25	–20	1.00ω	3 180	35.70	3.8	18.28	0.30

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表 2 砂岩SHPB压缩试验分组

Table 2. Grouping of sandstone SHPB compression test

试件温度/℃	含水率	平均撞击速度/(m·s⁻¹)	平均应变率/s⁻¹
20	0	5.88	38.3
	0.25ω	5.83	47.3
	0.50ω	5.89	62.8
	0.75ω	5.96	77.5
	1.00ω	5.92	83.7
–20	0	6.02	43.3
	0.25ω	5.85	46.9
	0.50ω	5.90	52.3
	0.75ω	5.95	46.1
	1.00ω	5.93	57.9

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表 3 岩石乳化炸药的参数

Table 3. Parameters of rock emulsion explosive

密度/(g·cm⁻³)	爆速/(m·s⁻¹)	药卷直径/mm	爆热/(MJ·kg⁻¹)
1.25	3 200	18～175	3.991

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表 4 砂岩的力学参数

Table 4. Mechanical parameters of sandstones

密度/(g·cm⁻³)	温度/℃	含水率	声波速度/(m·s⁻¹)	动态抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	动态弹性模量/GPa	动态泊松比
2.02	20	0	2 800	63.75	16.2	66.50	0.216
2.08	20	0.25ω	2 850	41.95	8.7	75.78	0.216
2.15	20	0.50ω	2 970	36.88	4.7	58.63	0.224
2.20	20	0.75ω	3 120	34.89	4.2	36.75	0.224
2.25	20	1.00ω	3 200	29.60	3.0	23.87	0.224
2.02	–20	0	2 830	64.82	18.4	62.94	0.216
2.08	–20	0.25ω	2 800	45.56	9.5	83.72	0.224
2.15	–20	0.50ω	2 950	45.52	5.6	97.74	0.224
2.20	–20	0.75ω	3 100	43.68	4.4	68.45	0.240
2.25	–20	1.00ω	3 180	30.19	3.8	28.10	0.240

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表 5 爆破能量分布

Table 5. Explosion energy distribution

状态	含水率	E₁/kJ	E₂/kJ	E₃/kJ	E₄/kJ	E₅/kJ	其他/kJ
常温	0	15.36	2.01	1.89	0.75	1.48	41.16
	0.25ω	17.44	1.63	1.78	0.65	1.45	39.75
	0.50ω	18.49	0.81	2.41	0.53	2.51	37.95
	0.75ω	19.43	2.43	4.43	0.46	4.58	31.37
	1.00ω	20.51	6.12	7.01	0.38	7.24	21.44
冻结	0	15.13	2.29	2.05	0.36	1.49	41.37
	0.25ω	17.07	2.34	1.83	0.71	1.51	39.24
	0.50ω	17.70	3.45	1.45	0.65	1.58	37.87
	0.75ω	18.53	7.07	2.38	0.62	2.75	31.35
	1.00ω	20.29	9.55	5.96	0.38	5.85	20.94

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表 6 砂岩冲击及炸药爆破破岩耗能

Table 6. Energy consumption of sandstone impact and explosive blasting fragmentation

状态	含水率	冲击破岩耗能/J	爆炸破岩耗能/kJ
常温	0	26.4	17.37
	0.25ω	18.5	19.07
	0.50ω	14.7	19.30
	0.75ω	12.4	21.86
	1.00ω	10.2	26.63
冻结	0	32.1	17.42
	0.25ω	30.5	19.41
	0.50ω	26.5	21.15
	0.75ω	22.1	25.60
	1.00ω	18.7	29.84

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表 7 常温与冻结状态不同含水率砂岩爆破炸药单耗

Table 7. Unit explosive consumption of sandstones with different moisture contents at room temperature and frozen state

含水率	炸药单耗/(kg·m⁻³)
含水率	常温状态砂岩	冻结状态砂岩
0	0.49	0.59
0.25ω	0.31	0.50
0.50ω	0.25	0.40
0.75ω	0.18	0.28
1.00ω	0.12	0.20

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