冲击载荷下蓄液结构动响应及防护机理的研究进展

赵著杰; 侯海量; 吴晓伟; 李永清; 李典; 姜安邦

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0328

冲击载荷下蓄液结构动响应及防护机理的研究进展

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0328

1.
海军工程大学舰船与海洋学院，湖北武汉 430033
2.
海军研究院，北京 100000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51979277，52371342，52101378）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵著杰（1997－　），男，博士研究生，zhaozhujie@163.com

通讯作者:
李　典（1990－　），男，博士，讲师，lidian916@163.com

中图分类号: O342
计量
- 文章访问数: 75
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-14
- 修回日期: 2024-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-11

A review of the dynamic response and protection mechanism of liquid filled structures under impact loads

1.
College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
2.
Naval Research Institute, Beijing 100000, China

摘要

摘要: 工程实际中，飞机油箱、船舶液舱、油液储罐等各类蓄液结构可能面临炸药爆炸冲击波、弹丸侵彻等冲击载荷的威胁。在冲击载荷作用下，蓄液结构的动响应受载荷特性、结构形式、充液方式等多种因素影响，相应的结构防护机理涉及多相介质的流固耦合、波在不同介质中的传播、液体介质的空化、结构动态力学特性等多个科学问题。针对冲击载荷下蓄液结构的动响应及防护机理，总结了工程领域中典型的蓄液结构形式，分析了各类蓄液结构在爆炸冲击波、弹体侵彻及其联合作用等载荷下的结构动响应过程、结构破坏模式、载荷耗散过程、能量转化与吸收过程，总结了蓄液结构的冲击动响应特性，归纳了蓄液结构对各类冲击载荷的防护机理，从结构构型、结构动响应、理论研究方法、抗冲击防护技术等方面对蓄液结构抗冲击防护研究进行了展望。
- 冲击载荷 /
- 蓄液结构 /
- 动响应特性 /
- 防护机理 /
- 防护技术
Abstract: Aircraft fuel tanks, marine liquid tanks, oil liquid storage tanks, and other types of liquid filled structures may be threatened by blast waves, projectile penetration, and other impact loads during the engineering practice. The dynamic response of the liquid filled structure under impact load may be affected by various factors such as the characteristics of the load, the configuration of the structure, and the way of liquid filling. Accordingly, the protection mechanism of the liquid filled structure against various types of shock loads involves the fluid-solid interaction of multiphase media, wave propagation in different media, cavitation of liquid media, dynamic mechanical properties of the structure, and several other scientific issues. In this paper, the dynamic response and protection mechanism of the liquid filled structure under different impact loads are reviewed, the typical forms of the liquid filled structure in the engineering field are summarized, and the dynamic response processes, damage modes, load dissipation processes, energy conversion, and absorption processes of various types of the liquid filled structure under the loads of blast shock wave, projectile penetration and their combined effects are analyzed. Furthermore, the impact dynamic response characteristics of the liquid filled structure under the action of blast shock wave loading, projectile penetration loading, and the combined loads of blast shock wave and high-speed fragmentation group are summarized. The protection mechanisms of the liquid filled structure against various types of impact loads are summarized from the perspectives of attenuating and dissipating loads, and transferring and converting energy. In the end, the research on anti-impact characteristics of the liquid filled structure prospects from the perspectives of dynamic response and protection characteristics of the multi-cell liquid filled structure, mechanisms for destruction of the liquid filled structure by combined loads, efficient numerical computation methods, and dynamic response and protection mechanism of the liquid filled structure made of new materials.
- impact load /
- liquid filled structure /
- dynamic response characteristic /
- protection mechanism /
- protection technology

HTML全文

图 1 冲击载荷下的各类蓄液结构

Figure 1. Various types of liquid filled structures under impact loads

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图 2 蓄液结构的分类

Figure 2. Classification of liquid filled structures

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图 3 柔性蓄液结构

Figure 3. Flexible liquid filled structures

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图 4 刚性蓄液结构

Figure 4. Rigid liquid filled structures

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图 5 爆炸冲击波载荷作用下蓄液结构的动响应特性

Figure 5. Dynamic response characteristics of liquid filled structure under blast shock wave

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图 6 针对Taylor理论的完善与改进^[92]

Figure 6. Refinements and improvements for Taylor’s theory^[92]

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图 7 弹体侵彻载荷作用下蓄液结构的动响应特性

Figure 7. Dynamic response characteristics of liquid filled structure under penetration

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图 8 典型的水锤效应时程曲线^[105]

Figure 8. Typical time course of hydrodynamic ram loads^[105]

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图 9 初始激波在封闭结构内部的反射过程^[107]

Figure 9. Reflection process of the initial shock wave in the interior of the closed structure^[107]

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图 10 弹体侵彻下蓄液结构面板的变形和破坏形貌^[32]

Figure 10. Deformation and failure morphology of liquid filled structure panel under projectile penetration^[32]

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图 11 联合载荷作用下蓄液结构的动响应特性

Figure 11. Dynamic response characteristics of the liquid filled structure under the combined loads

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图 12 多破片串联式^[138]与并联式^[139]侵彻入水

Figure 12. Tandem water-entry^[138] and parallel water-entry^[139] of fragments

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图 13 联合载荷作用下蓄液结构近爆面^[145]与远爆面^[147]的变形破坏模式

Figure 13. Deformation and damage modes of the front^[145] and rear^[147] panels of liquid filled structure under the combined loads

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图 14 蓄液结构抗冲击防护机理

Figure 14. Mechanisms of anti-impact protection for liquid filled structures

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图 15 液体介质对爆炸冲击波载荷的屏蔽作用^[161]

Figure 15. Shielding of explosive shock wave loads by liquid media^[161]

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图 16 通过蓄液改变单胞^[50]和多胞结构^[72]的变形与吸能模式

Figure 16. Modifying the deformation and energy absorption modes of single-cell^[50] and multi-cell structures^[72] by liquid filling

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图 17 利用液体介质的运动^[172]、破碎与汽化过程^[176]转化载荷能量

Figure 17. Conversion of load energy through the process of motion^[172], breakup and vaporization^[176] of liquid media

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图 18 通过调整蓄液方式定制化设计结构吸能模式^[180]

Figure 18. Customized design of energy absorption modes by adjusting the liquid filling method^[180]

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图 19 使用陶瓷体^[192]和液体介质^[194]衰减与耗散弹体冲击动能

Figure 19. Attenuation and dissipation of projectile impact kinetic energy by ceramics^[192] and liquid media^[194]

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图 20 通过提高液体流速提升蓄液结构的抗侵彻能力^[196]

Figure 20. Enhancement of the resistance of liquid filled structure to penetration by increasing the fluid flow rate^[196]

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图 21 通过设置阵列刚性体^[198] 和蜂窝结构^[200]削弱水锤载荷

Figure 21. Weakening hydrodynamic ram loads by built-in arrayed rigid bodies^[198] and honeycomb structure^[200]

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图 22 通过预制自由液面^[201]及设计内凹结构构型^[30]削弱水锤载荷

Figure 22. Weakening hydrodynamic ram loads by presetting free surface^[201] and using concave configuration^[30]

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图 23 在蓄液结构内部预留气泡用以抵御破片群载荷^[207]

Figure 23. Defense fragment cluster loads by reserving air bubbles inside the reservoir structure^[207]

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图 24 采用柔性蓄液结构抵御联合载荷^[40]

Figure 24. Defense the combined loads by flexible liquid filled structure^[40]

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表 1 Taylor模型与改进模型的比较

Table 1. Comparison between Taylor’s model and the improved model

模型类型	Taylor模型	针对滞后流的改进模型
流体速度	$ \dfrac{{{p_{\text{k}}}}}{{{\rho _{\text{w}}}{c_{\text{w}}}}} $	$ \dfrac{p_{\text{k}}}{\rho_{\text{w}}c_{\text{w}}}+\dfrac{1}{\rho_{\text{w}}R}\displaystyle\int_0^tp_{\text{k}}\mathrm{d}t $
连续条件	v_p = v_i − v_r	v_p = v_i − v_r = v_t

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