舰艇水下爆炸破损分布特性

孙赫; 闫明; 杜志鹏; 张磊

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0370

舰艇水下爆炸破损分布特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0370

孙赫^{1, 2,},
闫明¹,
杜志鹏^2, ,,
张磊²

1.
沈阳工业大学机械工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110870
2.
海军研究院，北京 100161

基金项目: 军科委基础加强计划技术领域基金项目（2020-JCJQ-JJ-142）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙　赫（1999－　），男，硕士，2429965232@qq.com

通讯作者:
杜志鹏（1977－　），男，博士，高级工程师，duzp7755@163.com

中图分类号: O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 49
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 14
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-10
- 修回日期: 2024-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-29

Distribution characteristics of underwater explosion damage of ships

SUN He^{1, 2
,},
YAN Ming¹,
DU Zhipeng^{2
, ,},
ZHANG Lei²

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Universitv of Technology, Shenyang 110870, Liaoning, China
2.
Naval Academy, Beiing 100161, China

摘要

摘要: 舰艇在作战过程中受到武器攻击，爆炸产生的破口持续多向进水，影响舰艇不沉性。为了探究水下爆炸破损分布特性，开展了驳船近场水下爆炸试验，利用声固耦合法计算冲击波与气泡射流载荷联合作用下的全船结构的毁伤，得到整船塑性变形区域的凹陷深度为85 cm，L形破口宽30 cm，破口面积为0.2 m²。对比分析试验和仿真数据，计算破口尺寸误差小于20%，破口位置吻合性较好，验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型进行了不同爆距下爆炸仿真计算，提出了驳船在近场水下爆炸载荷作用下的分布式的损伤模式，明确了舰船结构的毁伤除了整体折断、局部大型破口之外还有广泛分布的小裂缝存在于舱壁，舷侧外板等部位。当冲击因子从5.74减小至1.91，舱底破口尺寸减小，舱内裂缝数目增加，冲击因子在1.91~2.87之间，舱底破损为分散式的小型破口。舷侧、舱壁与舱底的连接处为薄弱部位，小裂缝分布较多，在舰艇设计过程中可重点加强防护。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 模型试验 /
- 声固耦合 /
- 破损分布 /
- 损伤模式
Abstract: Underwater explosions can cause serious damage to ships and other structures in the water, seriously endangering the vitality and combat capability of ships. Ships in the combat process by torpedoes or mines and other underwater weapons attack, the explosion produced by the breach continued multi-directional into the water, the ship unsinkability has a greater impact. In order to explore the underwater explosion damage distribution characteristics, carried out a real-scale near-field underwater explosion ship test, analyzed the test obtained along the direction of the ship's length of the acceleration as well as strain measurement point data, the use of acoustic-solid coupling method to calculate the shock wave and bubble jet load under the joint action of the whole ship structure of the damage, get the whole ship plastically deformed area of the depth of the depression is 85 cm, The depth of the plastic deformation area of the whole ship is 85 cm, the width of the “L” type breach is 30 cm, and the area of the breach is 0.2 m². Comparing and analysing the experimental and simulation data, the error in the size of the computed breach is less than 20%, and the position of the breach matches well, which verifies the accuracy of the model. The model was used to carry out simulation calculations under different blast distances, analyse the structural damage distribution in the calculation results, put forward the distributed damage pattern of the barge under the action of near-field underwater explosion load, and make it clear that in addition to the overall fracture of the structure of the ship, there is also a wide distribution of small cracks in the bulkheads, the outboard side of the plate and other parts of the ship's structural damage, when the impact factor decreases from 5.84 to 1.91, the size of the bilge breach decreases, the size of the breach decreases, the location of the breach is a good match, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Bilge breach size decreases, the number of cracks in the cabin increases, which indicates that the larger the burst distance, the greater the scope of the underwater explosive load on the ship, the bubble pulsating load will make the barge appear “whiplash movement” will appear as a whole fracture of the barge to form a fatal damage to the overall structure of the impact factor of 1.91-2.87, the bilge breach for the The bilge breakage is scattered small breakage. Research results in the port side, bulkhead and bilge connection for the weak parts, small cracks are distributed more, in the ship design process can focus on strengthening the protection. This paper provides a design reference for the damage and protection of ships under the action of underwater explosive loads.
- underwater explosion /
- model test /
- acoustic structure /
- damage distribution /
- contact explosion

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图 1 近场水下爆炸有限元模型

Figure 1. A finite element model for near-field underwater explosions

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图 2 不同网格尺寸下的结构动能

Figure 2. Structural kinetic energy under different mesh sizes

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图 3 驳船舱室分布

Figure 3. Barge cabin distribution

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图 4 漂浮状态下实船模型

Figure 4. A real ship model in a floating state

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图 5 驳船近场水下爆炸试验工况

Figure 5. The near-field underwater explosion condition of the barge

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图 6 驳船整体变形

Figure 6. Overall barge deformation

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图 7 驳船上甲板A1、A2、A3加速度时域曲线

Figure 7. Acceleration time-domain profiles of measurement points A1, A2, and A3 at the upper deck of the barge

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图 8 驳船沿船长方向应变^[21]

Figure 8. Barge strain in the direction of the captain^[21]

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图 9 近场水下爆炸后驳船舱底毁伤结果

Figure 9. Barge bilge damage results after near-field underwater explosion

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图 10 试验舱底破坏示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagrams of test chamber bilge damage

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图 11 仿真舱底破坏示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of simulated bilge damage

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图 12 简支加筋混凝土矩形板的破坏模式^[22]

Figure 12. Failure modes of simply supported reinforced concrete rectangular slabs^[22]

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图 13 驳船舱室破坏示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of barge compartment damage

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图 14 支撑立柱破坏结果

Figure 14. Support column damage results

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图 15 立柱测点压力时域曲线

Figure 15. Time-domain curve of pressure at column measurement point

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图 16 近场水下爆炸后驳船舷侧毁伤结果

Figure 16. Barge side damage results after a near-field underwater explosion

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图 17 驳船运动示意图

Figure 17. Schematic diagram of barge movement

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图 18 纵舱壁整体毁伤结果

Figure 18. Results of the overall destruction of the longitudinal

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图 19 纵舱壁局部毁伤结果

Figure 19. Results of localised damage to the longitudinal bulkhead

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图 20 驳船运动过程^[21]

Figure 20. Barge movement process^[21]

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图 21 上甲板毁伤结果^[21]

Figure 21. Upper deck damage results^[21]

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图 22 试验工况下驳船破损分布示意图

Figure 22. Schematic diagram of the damage distribution of the barge under test conditions

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图 23 不同爆距下舱底毁伤的模拟结果

Figure 23. Simulated results of damage in the bilge with different blasting distances

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图 24 不同爆距下舱壁毁伤的模拟结果

Figure 24. Simulated results of damage in the bulkhead with different blasting distances

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图 25 不同爆距下舷侧毁伤的模拟结果

Figure 25. Simulated results of damage in the port-side with different blasting distances

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表 1 Q235钢材料参数^[20]

Table 1. Material parameters of Q235 steel^[20]

屈服应力/MPa 塑性应变应变率/s⁻¹

235 0 0
315 0.3 0
517 0 100
825 0.3 100
851 0 5000
1358 0.3 5000

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表 2 计算工况

Table 2. Working conditions for calculation

工况 TNT当量/kg 爆距/m 冲击因子

1 33 1 5.74
2 33 2 2.87
3 33 3 1.91

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