多孔钛合金夹芯层陶瓷/UHMWPE复合结构的抗侵彻性能

马铭辉; 武一丁; 王晓东; 余毅磊; 王伯通; 高光发

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0375

多孔钛合金夹芯层陶瓷/UHMWPE复合结构的抗侵彻性能

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0375

南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U2341244, 12172179, 11772160）

详细信息

作者简介:
马铭辉（1996－　），男，博士研究生，maminghui@njust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
高光发（1980－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，gfgao@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-16
- 修回日期: 2024-01-06
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-07

Penetration resistance of ceramic/UHMWPE composite structures with porous titanium alloy sandwich layer

School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 陶瓷/纤维复合装甲的纤维背板由于其刚度较低，无法为陶瓷面板提供足够的支撑，削弱了陶瓷面板对弹丸的侵蚀作用。为了增强复合装甲的整体结构刚度，在陶瓷/纤维复合装甲中加入了金属夹芯层材料，通过试验和数值模拟研究了夹芯复合装甲对12.7 mm穿燃弹的抗弹性能。试验结果表明，穿燃弹弹芯表现出脆性断裂的失效模式，复合材料装甲表现出多种失效模式，包括夹芯层的花瓣形扩孔，UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene)层压板的分层和凸起变形。建立了三维数值模型来分析整个弹道响应的演变，通过试验结果验证了模拟的准确性。模拟结果表明，12.7 mm穿燃弹的被甲会对陶瓷造成损伤，同时陶瓷会侵蚀弹芯的尖卵形头部，使弹芯头部变钝从而削弱弹芯对UHMWPE背板的侵彻能力。残余弹体的动能大部分由UHMWPE层吸收，UHMWPE层压板的失效模式会随着层数的增加由剪切失效转变为拉伸失效占主导地位。此外，作为夹芯层的多孔TC4板能够为陶瓷面板提供支撑，提高陶瓷面板的吸能效果以及弹体的侵蚀作用，并且12 mm孔径的TC4夹芯层能够提供更大的刚度支撑，使整体复合结构的吸能效率提升10%。
- 陶瓷复合装甲 /
- 多孔夹芯层 /
- UHMWPE /
- 12.7 mm穿燃弹
Abstract: The fiber back plate in ceramic/fiber composite armor cannot provide sufficient support for the ceramic panel due to its low stiffness, which weakens the erosion effect of the ceramic panel on the projectile. In order to enhance the overall structural stiffness of composite armor, a metal sandwich layer material was added to the ceramic/fiber composite armor. The ballistic performance of the sandwich composite armor against 12.7-mm incendiary projectiles was studied through experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental results indicate that the core of the penetrator exhibits a brittle fracture failure mode, while composite armor exhibits multiple failure modes, including petal-shaped expansion of the sandwich layer, delamination and protrusion deformation of the UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) laminate. A three-dimensional numerical model was established to analyze the evolution of the entire ballistic response, and the accuracy of the simulation was verified through experimental results. The simulation results indicate that the armor of the 12.7-mm penetrator will cause damage to the ceramic, which will erode the pointed oval head of the projectile core, making the core head blunt and weakening the penetration ability of the projectile core into the UHMWPE backing plate. Most of the kinetic energy of the residual projectile is absorbed by the UHMWPE layer, and the failure mode of the UHMWPE laminate will change from shear failure to tensile failure as the number of layers increases. In addition, as a sandwich layer, the porous TC4 board can provide support for the ceramic panel, increase the energy absorption of the ceramic panel and erosion of the projectile, and the 12-mm-pore-size TC4 sandwich layer can provide greater stiffness support, increase the energy absorption efficiency of the overall composite structure by 10%.
- ceramic composite armor /
- porous sandwich layer /
- UHMWPE /
- 12.7 mm armor piercing bullet

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图 1 弹道试验装置及靶板结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of ballistic testing device and target structure

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图 2 侵彻仿真有限元模型

Figure 2. Finite element model for penetration simulation

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图 3 回收后的残余弹体

Figure 3. Recovered projectiles

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图 4 试验1～2和4的残余弹体断面SEM图像

Figure 4. SEM images of fracture surfaces of residual projectiles in tests 1, 2, and 4

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图 5 试验1陶瓷的破坏形貌

Figure 5. Ceramic failure morphology in test 1

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图 6 试验7双层结构中陶瓷的破坏形貌

Figure 6. Ceramic failure morphology in double-layer structure in test 7

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图 7 试验1多孔TC4夹芯层的破坏形貌

Figure 7. Failure morphology of porous TC4 sandwich layer in test 1

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图 8 UHMWPE背板破坏形貌

Figure 8. Failure morphologies of UHMWPE back plate

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图 9 试验1复合装甲仿真失效形貌的模拟结果

Figure 9. The deformation of the composite armor in test 1

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图 10 UHMWPE的失效形式的仿真和试验结果对比图

Figure 10. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of the failure mode of UHMWPE

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图 11 被甲侵彻行为

Figure 11. Penetration behavior by jacket

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图 12 弹丸穿透TC4板后残余弹芯形貌

Figure 12. Residual core after the penetration of the TC4

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图 13 内聚力单元层的失效模式

Figure 13. Failure modes of cohesive layers

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图 14 不同组件的能量吸收情况

Figure 14. Energy absorption of different components

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图 15 双层装甲结构与三层装甲结构能量吸收对比

Figure 15. Comparison of energy absorption between double-layer and three-layer armor structures

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图 16 双层装甲结构和三层装甲结构中弹头侵蚀对比

Figure 16. Comparison of projectile erosion in double-layer and three-layer armor structures

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图 17 不同孔径TC4板的陶瓷层和UHMWPE层能量吸收对比

Figure 17. Comparison of energy absorption between ceramic and UHMWPE under TC4 plates with different apertures

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图 18 孔径9 mm的TC4板刚度测试变形

Figure 18. Deformation during stiffness testing of 9-mm-aperture TC4 board

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表 1 试验条件

Table 1. Test conditions

试验	复合靶板配置厚度/mm			弹丸速度/(m·s⁻¹)	面密度/(kg·m⁻²)
试验	B₄C面板	TC4夹芯层	UHMWPE背板	弹丸速度/(m·s⁻¹)	面密度/(kg·m⁻²)
1	9.0	2.0	10.0	501.4	37.7
2	9.0	2.0	10.0	475.2	37.7
3	10.0	1.0	10.0	507.5	37.5
4	10.0	1.0	10.0	468.9	37.5
5	10.0	1.5	10.0	487.0	38.8
6	10.0	1.5	10.0	486.4	38.8
7	10.0		10.0	487.2	34.8

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表 2 碳化硼陶瓷JH-2模型参数^[20]

Table 2. Material parameters for B₄C used in the JH-2 model^[20]

${\rho _0}/({\text{g}} \cdot {\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{{{ - 3}}}})$	G/GPa	A	B	C/s⁻¹	M	N	$\sigma _{\max }^{\text{f}}$
2.51	197	0.927	0.7	0.005	0.85	0.67	0.2

HEL/GPa	T/MPa	β	K₁/GPa	K₂/GPa	K₃/GPa	D₁	D₂
19	260	1	233	−593	2800	0.001	0.5

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表 3 UHMWPE材料的Hashin损伤模型参数^[15]

Table 3. Hashin damage model parameters of the UHMWPE material^[15]

${\rho _0}/({\text{g}} \cdot {\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{{{ - 3}}}})$	E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	${\nu _{12}}$	${\nu _{13}}$	${\nu _{13}}$	G₁₂/GPa
0.97	30.7	30.7	1.97	0.008	0.044	0.044	1.97

G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	X_t/GPa	X_c/GPa	S₁₂/GPa	S₁₃/GPa	S₂₃/GPa
0.67	0.67	3.0	3.0	0.95	0.95	0.95

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表 4 弹丸材料和TC4板的JC材料模型参数^[24-25]

Table 4. Material parameters for T12A, jacket and TC4 used in the Johnson-Cook model^[24-25]

材料	ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	G₀/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m
弹芯(T12A)	7.80	82.0	1539	477	0.18	0.012	1.00
被甲(F11)	7.92	78.0	300	275	0.17	0.022	1.00
TC4	4.45	41.0	1100	845	0.58	0.014	0.753

材料	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
弹芯(T12A)	0.15	0.72	1.66	0.43	0.00
被甲(F11)	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
TC4	0.09	0.27	0.48	0.014	3.8

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表 5 陶瓷锥顶部和底部直径测量值

Table 5. Measured values of the top and bottom diameters of ceramic cones

试验	试验靶板配置厚度/mm		弹丸速度/(m·s⁻¹)	陶瓷锥顶部直径D₁/mm	陶瓷锥底部直径D₂/mm
试验	B₄C	TC4	弹丸速度/(m·s⁻¹)	陶瓷锥顶部直径D₁/mm	陶瓷锥底部直径D₂/mm
1	9.0	2.0	501.4	34.61	108.97
2	9.0	2.0	475.2	29.34	100.08
3	10.0	1.0	507.5	44.86	130.59
4	10.0	1.0	468.9	30.06	102.85
5	10.0	1.5	487.0	32.42	117.58
6	10.0	1.5	486.4	30.36	115.32
7	10.0		487.2	30.20	100.95

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