爆炸式电磁感应脉冲发生器

贲驰; 何勇; 潘绪超; 何源; 凌琦

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2016)01-0043-07

摘要: 为了探索脉冲发生器新的技术方法，在传统脉冲发生器的基础上，提出了一种依靠爆炸驱动的电磁感应脉冲发生器。介绍了发生器的工作过程，对发生器中炸药的爆炸和冲击过程进行了计算和数值模拟，建立了带有初始电压和初始静磁场的发生器的工作电路模型，得出了感应电压的计算方法。设计了一种通过永磁体提供初始静磁场的脉冲发生器，并分别对装有两种不同炸药的发生器进行了实验。实验表明：爆速较高的炸药驱动发生器可产生峰值更高的电压脉冲。实验结果偏低于计算结果，原因是理论计算中简化了磁芯磁场和冲击波速度。

关键词:

Abstract: In this work, based on the traditional pulse generators, we present an electromagnetic induction generator driven by explosion as a new technology of electromagnetic pulse generator. Having described the working process of the generator, we simulated and calculated the shock process of the explosion. Furthermore, we established the model for the working circuit of the generator with initial voltage and static magnetic, obtaining the calculation method of the induced voltage. An experimental generator with initial static magnetic provided by permanent magnet was designed, and the generators respectively fitted with two different explosives were tested. The experimental results show that the generator driven by higher detonation velocity of explosive can produce higher peak and shorter rise time voltage pulse, which are found to be a little lower than the calculation results due to the simplification in theoretical calculation of the magnetic field of the core and the velocity of shock wave.

Key words:

图 1 发生器原理图

Figure 1. Schematic of generator

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图 2 建模结构图

Figure 2. Schematic of modeling

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图 3 发生器工作电路图

Figure 3. Working circuit of generator

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图 4 实验照片

Figure 4. Photograph of experiment

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图 5 发生器及实验装置结构示意图

Figure 5. Schematic of generator and experiment system

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图 6 钕铁硼轴线上的磁感应强度曲线

Figure 6. Magnetic flux density curveson the axis of Nd₂Fe₁₄B

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图 7 铁块截面的磁感应强度曲线

Figure 7. Magnetic flux density curveson the surface of iron

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图 8 实验测得的电压波形

Figure 8. Voltage curves of generator

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表 1 炸药与冲击波参数

Table 1. Parameters of explosive and shock wave

炸药	ρ₀/(g·cm^-3)	γ	D/(km·s^-1)	p_H/GPa	u_m/(km·s^-1)	D_m /(km·s^-1)	p_m/GPa
TNT	1.54	2.83	6.831	18.76	0.906	5.278	29.65
8701	1.64	2.91	8.245	28.51	1.197	5.760	42.75

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表 2 炸药为TNT时磁芯内部冲击波参数

Table 2. Parameters of shock wave in magnetic core with TNT

监测点	t/μs	u_m/(km·s^-1)	p_m/GPa	D_m /(km·s^-1)
1	3.81	0.803	25.92	5.206
2	6.34	0.478	23.60	7.963
3	6.81	0.559	27.77	8.013
4	7.27	0.550	23.45	6.877
5	7.74	0.479	16.98	5.718
6	8.58	0.351	10.55	4.848
7	3.85	0.692	22.99	5.358
8	3.94	0.683	23.15	5.467
9	4.15	0.785	28.06	5.765
10	4.19	0.802	30.19	6.072

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表 3 炸药为8701时磁芯内部冲击波参数

Table 3. Parameters of shock wave in magnetic core with 8701

监测点	t/μs	u_m/(km·s^-1)	p_m/GPa	D_m /(km·s^-1)
1	3.16	1.263	46.25	5.906
2	5.48	0.623	31.60	8.181
3	5.94	0.875	48.47	8.935
4	6.47	1.037	54.34	8.452
5	7.01	1.042	48.68	7.535
6	7.59	0.859	32.88	6.174
7	3.21	1.265	46.61	5.943
8	3.28	1.264	47.19	6.022
9	3.40	1.309	50.46	6.218
10	3.40	1.413	56.10	6.404

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