密闭空间中复合装药的能量释放特性

张学瑞; 周涛

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0381

密闭空间中复合装药的能量释放特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0381

张学瑞,
周涛^,

西安近代化学研究所，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 国防科技卓越青年科学基金（J-JK-ZQ-2101）

详细信息

作者简介:
张学瑞（1998－　），男，硕士研究生，zhangxuerui1998@163.com

通讯作者:
周　涛（1979－　），男，博士，研究员，sflantian@163.com

中图分类号: O381; TQ560.7
计量
- 文章访问数: 72
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-17
- 修回日期: 2024-03-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-26

Energy release characteristics of composite charge in confined space

ZHANG Xuerui,
ZHOU Tao^,

Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究密闭空间中复合装药能量的释放特性，设计了一种同轴复合装药，其内层为温压炸药，外层为不同组分的混合燃料，混合燃料主要由铝/聚四氟乙烯（Al/PTFE）活性材料或硼基燃料组成，利用密闭爆炸装置开展了复合装药内爆炸试验，获取了壁面冲击波超压和准静态压力。试验结果表明：相同质量、不同硼基燃料含量的复合装药在密闭空间内爆炸，产生的准静态压力随着硼基燃料含量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势，硼基燃料分解产物参与二次反应的最佳体积分数在1.0%左右；对于复合装药，密闭空间中氧气含量有限，当参与二次反应的物质浓度达到一定阈值，无论是提高点火能量还是提高反应物浓度，准静态压力都无法获得高效提升，能量利用率没有提高。
- 复合装药 /
- 内爆炸 /
- 准静态压力 /
- Al/PTFE /
- 硼基燃料
Abstract: In order to study the energy release characteristics of composite charge in confined space, a type of coaxial composite charge was designed with the inner layer of thermobaric explosive and the outer layer of mixed fuel of different components. And the mixed fuel was mainly composed of Al/PTFE active material or boron-based fuel. Al/PTFE active material can undergo a detonation-like reaction and provide energy for the shock wave, but its reaction products are all solid. The lack of gaseous medium is not conducive to shock wave propagation. However, boron-based fuel can decompose to produce gas under detonation loading, which can make up for the shortcomings of Al/PTFE active material. The mixed fuel formulations were designed and the content of boron-based fuel in different formulations was determined. The internal explosion test of composite charge was carried out by using sealed explosion device. The shock wave overpressure on the device wall and the quasi-static pressure were obtained, which can be used to evaluate the implosion power of the composite charges. The effects of boron-fuel content, secondary ignition energy and reactant concentration on the post-combustion reaction and energy release characteristics of the composite charges were investigated by using the method of implosion power evaluation. The experimental results show that the quasi-static pressure of the composite charge with the same mass but different boron-based fuel content increases first and then decreases with the increase of boron-based fuel content, and the optimal volume fraction of boron-based fuel decomposition products participating in the secondary reaction is about 1.0%. For the composite charge, because the oxygen content in the confined space is limited, when the concentration of substances involved in the secondary reaction reaches a certain threshold, the quasi-static pressure cannot be effectively improved by increasing the ignition energy or the reactant concentration, and the energy utilization rate is not improved.
- composite charge /
- internal explosion /
- quasi static pressure /
- Al/PTFE /
- boron-based fuel

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图 1 复合装药结构示意图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of composite charge

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图 2 爆炸装置示意图（单位：mm）

Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of the explosive device (unit: mm)

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图 3 温压炸药与Al/PTFE复合装药冲击波超压时程曲线

Figure 3. Shock wave overpressure time-history curves of thermobaric explosive and composite charge

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图 4 温压炸药与Al/PTFE复合装药准静态压力时程曲线

Figure 4. Quasi-static pressure time-history curves of thermobaric explosive and composite charge

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图 5 不同硼基燃料含量的复合装药冲击波超压时程曲线

Figure 5. Shock wave overpressure time-history curves of composite charges with different boron-based fuel contents

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图 6 不同硼基燃料含量的复合装药准静态压力时程曲线

Figure 6. Quasi-static pressure time-history curves of composite charges with different boron-based fuel contents

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图 7 不同内外材料比例的复合装药冲击波超压时程曲线

Figure 7. Shock wave overpressure time-history curves of composite charges with different ratios of inner and outer layer materials

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图 8 不同内外材料比例的复合装药准静态压力时程曲线

Figure 8. Quasi-static pressure time-history curves of composite charges with different ratios of inner and outer layer materials

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表 1 试验样品状态

Table 1. Test sample status

试样	内层材料	内层质量/g	外层材料	外层质量/g	内外层质量比	总质量/g
1	温压炸药	50	温压炸药	100	1∶2	150
2	温压炸药	50	Al/PTFE	100	1∶2	150
3	温压炸药	50	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料(0.5%)	100	1∶2	150
4	温压炸药	50	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料(1.5%)	100	1∶2	150
5	温压炸药	50	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料(1%)	100	1∶2	150
6	温压炸药	100	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料(1%)	100	1∶1	200
7	温压炸药	50	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料(1%)	150	1∶3	200
注：表中的0.5%、1.5%和1%为硼基燃料的分解产物在爆炸装置内爆炸产物中的体积分数，在后文中能够以此推算硼基燃料的质量。

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表 2 内爆试验结果

Table 2. Internal explosion test results

试样	外层材料	冲击波超压峰值/ MPa	冲击波冲量/ （MPa·s）	准静态压力峰值/ MPa	准静态压力/ MPa	准静压上升速率/ （MPa·s⁻¹）
1	温压炸药	0.970	0.0006	0.529	0.501	20.95
2	Al/PTFE（1∶2）	0.677	0.0015	0.659	0.642	15.77
3	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料（0.5%）（1∶2）	0.715	0.0023	0.670	0.627	19.62
4	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料（1.5%）（1∶2）	0.630	0.0014	0.619	0.593	13.42
5	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料（1%）（1∶2）	0.618	0.0015	0.671	0.646	17.35
6	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料（1%）（1∶1）	0.873	0.0016	0.736	0.693	25.59
7	Al/PTFE+硼基燃料（1%）（1∶3）	0.432	0.0010	0.692	0.667	14.63

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