Investigation on dynamic tensile properties of  an ultrafine grained D6A steel

YANG Zezhou; SHEN Yongfeng; FENG Xiaowei; XUE Wenying; XIE Ruoze; HU Yanhui

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0051

Volume 42 Issue 4

May 2022

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2022 > 42(4): 043101

YANG Zezhou, SHEN Yongfeng, FENG Xiaowei, XUE Wenying, XIE Ruoze, HU Yanhui. Investigation on dynamic tensile properties of an ultrafine grained D6A steel[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2022, 42(4): 043101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0051

Citation:

YANG Zezhou, SHEN Yongfeng, FENG Xiaowei, XUE Wenying, XIE Ruoze, HU Yanhui. Investigation on dynamic tensile properties of an ultrafine grained D6A steel[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2022, 42(4): 043101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0051

Citation:

PDF( 2124 KB)

Investigation on dynamic tensile properties of an ultrafine grained D6A steel

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0051

1.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China

Received Date: 2021-02-02
Rev Recd Date: 2021-05-11

Available Online: 2022-03-30

Publish Date: 2022-05-09

Abstract

Abstract

In order to promote the application process of an ultrafine grained (UFG) D6A low-alloy medium-carbon steel in semi-armor-piercing warhead shells, mechanical behaviors and microscopic deformation mechanism of the UFG D6A steel under dynamic loading were studied. The UFG D6A steel (d = 510 nm) was prepared by using inter-critical rolling and low temperature annealing process, whose microstructure features show that nanoscale spherical cementite grains are uniformly distributed in the equiaxed ferrite matrix. Dynamic tensile experiments were performed with a rotating Hopkinson bar apparatus at strain rates ranging from 500 s⁻¹ to 1000 s⁻¹. Micromorphology of specimens before and after tensile loading was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Combined with these observations, the dynamic mechanical properties of the UFG steel under high strain rates were extensively studied. The results reveal that the UFG D6A steel achieves both excellent strength and well toughness simultaneously with a dynamic tensile strength of 2 200 MPa and an average dynamic fracture elongation of 13%. The dynamic tensile strength is obviously higher than the quasi-static tensile strength (approximately 2 times), while the toughness is lower than that under quasi-static conditions. It is observed that the cementite content increases dramatically during the dynamic tensile experiment process, which can effectively restrict the movement of dislocations to produce additional plastic deformation resistance. Consequently, grain refinement and the precipitation of nanosized carbides are considered to play key roles for strengthening the steel. The severe plastic deformation reduces the average grain size and increases the density of grain boundaries within the material, which is considered to eventually lead to the decrease of dynamic fracture elongation of the UFG D6A steel. The drops of yield stress were observed apparently during dynamic tensile process, which is mainly due to the increase of the mobile dislocation density. These research results may give deeper insights into the relationship between material microstructure and mechanical behavior of UFG steels, and provide a significantly experimental and theoretical basis for the application of UFG D6A steels in the military equipment field.
- ultrafine grained D6A steel,
- dynamic tensile experiment,
- dynamic strengthening and toughening,
- yield drop

FullText(HTML)

References(27)

References

[1]	JIA D, RAMESH K T, MA E. Effects of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain sizes on constitutive behavior and shear bands in iron [J]. Acta Materialia, 2003, 51(12): 3495–3509. DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6454(03)00169-1.
[2]	OKITSU Y, TAKATA N, TSUJI N. Mechanical properties of ultrafine grained ferritic steel sheets fabricated by rolling and annealing of duplex microstructure [J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2008, 43(23/24): 7391–7396. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-008-2971-9.
[3]	OKITSU Y, TAKATA N, TSUJI N. Dynamic deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained iron produced by ultrahigh strain deformation and annealing [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2011, 64(9): 896–899. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.01.026.
[4]	HU Y S, YU Z Y, FAN G L, et al. Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility with nano dispersoids in nano and ultrafine grain metals: a brief review [J]. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2020, 59(1): 352–360. DOI: 10.1515/rams-2020-0028.
[5]	王鹏杰, 申勇峰, 冯晓伟, 等. 轧制-退火工艺制备超细晶D6A钢的微观组织与织构 [J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2016, 28(9): 54–59. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20160042. WANG P J, SHEN Y F, FENG X W, et al. Microstructures and textures of ultrafine grained D6A steel by using rolling and annealing [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2016, 28(9): 54–59. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20160042.
[6]	JIA N, SHEN Y F, LIANG J W, et al. Nanoscale spheroidized cementite induced ultrahigh strength-ductility combination in innovatively processed ultrafine-grained low alloy medium-carbon steel [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 2679. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02920-9.
[7]	LIANG J W, SHEN Y F, ZHANG C S, et al. In situ neutron diffraction in quantifying deformation behaviors of nano-sized carbide strengthened UFG ferritic steel [J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018, 726: 298–308. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.094.
[8]	WEI Q, SCHUSTER B E, MATHAUDHU S N, et al. Dynamic behaviors of body-centered cubic metals with ultrafine grained and nanocrystalline microstructures [J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2007, 493(1/2): 58–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.126.
[9]	张世雄. 超细晶/纳米晶纯钛的制备及动态力学性能研究 [D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2016: 43–50.
[10]	刘晓燕, 张琪, 杨西荣, 等. 超细晶工业纯钛的变形、应变速率敏感性和激活体积 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2020, 49(6): 1867–1872. LIU X Y, ZHANG Q, YANG X R, et al. Deformation, strain rate sensitivity and activation volume of ultrafine-grained commercially pure Ti [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2020, 49(6): 1867–1872.
[11]	LIANG J W, SHEN Y F, MISRA R D K, et al. High strength-superplasticity combination of ultrafine-grained ferritic steel: the significant role of nanoscale carbides [J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2021, 83: 131–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.11.078.
[12]	TSUJI N, ITO Y, SAITO Y, et al. Strength and ductility of ultrafine grained aluminum and iron produced by ARB andannealing [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2002, 47(12): 893–899. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00282-8.
[13]	ZAISER M. Scale invariance in plastic flow of crystalline solids [J]. Advances in Physics, 2006, 55(1/2): 185–245. DOI: 10.1080/00018730600583514.
[14]	ZHANG T W, JIAO Z M, WANG Z H, et al. Dynamic deformation behaviors and constitutive relations of an AlCoCr_1.5Fe_1.5NiTi_0.5 high-entropy alloy [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2017, 136: 15–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.03.039.
[15]	ZHANG T W, MA S G, ZHAO D, et al. Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in a NiCoCrFe high-entropy alloy upon dynamic tension: micromechanism and constitutive modeling [J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2020, 124: 226–246. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.08.013.
[16]	MEYERS M A. Dynamic behavior of materials [M]. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 1994: 345-349. DOI: 10.1002/9780470172278.
[17]	DE HOSSON J T M, ROOS A, HOSSON E D. Temperature rise due to fast-moving dislocations [J]. Philosophical Magazine A, 2001, 81(5): 1099–1120. DOI: 10.1080/01418610108214431.
[18]	QIN K, YANG L M, HU S S. Mechanism of strain rate effect based on dislocation theory [J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2009, 26(3): 036103. DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/3/036103.
[19]	GLADMAN T. Second phase particle distribution and secondary recrystallisation [J]. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1992, 27(11): 1569–1573. DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90146-6.
[20]	ZHOU B C, YANG T, ZHOU G, et al. Mechanisms for suppressing discontinuous precipitation and improving mechanical properties of NiAl-strengthened steels through nanoscale Cu partitioning [J]. Acta Materialia, 2021, 205: 116561. DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2020.116561.
[21]	ZENER C, HOLLOMON J H. Plastic flow and rupture of metals [J]. Transactions of the America Society of Mechanical, 1944, 33: 163–235.
[22]	徐永波, 白以龙. 动态载荷下剪切变形局部化、微结构演化与剪切断裂研究进展 [J]. 力学进展, 2007, 37(4): 496–516. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0992.2007.04.002. XU Y B, BAI Y L. Shear localization, microstructure evolution and fracture under high-strain rate [J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2007, 37(4): 496–516. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0992.2007.04.002.
[23]	SWADENER J G, MISRA A, HOAGLAND R G, et al. A mechanistic description of combined hardening and size effects [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2002, 47(5): 343–348. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00156-2.
[24]	GRAÇA S, COLAÇO R, VILAR R. Indentation size effect in nickel and cobalt laser clad coatings [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007, 202(3): 538–548. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.031.
[25]	REZAEE M, ZAREI-HANZAKI A, MOHAMADIZADEH A, et al. High-temperature flow characterization and microstructural evolution of Ti6242 alloy: yield drop phenomenon [J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016, 673: 346–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.043.
[26]	BARMOUZ M, ABRINIA K, KHOSRAVI J. Using hardness measurement for dislocation densities determination in FSPed metal in order to evaluation of strain rate effect on the tensile behavior [J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2013, 559: 917–919. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.08.086.
[27]	FAN J K, KOU H C, LAI M J, et al. High temperature discontinuous yielding in a new near β titanium alloy Ti-7333 [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2014, 43(4): 808–812. DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(14)60089-8.