Effect of matching of detonation waveform with liner configuration on the rod-like jet formation
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摘要: 为提高杆式射流对钢靶的侵彻能力，设计了一种偏心亚半球药型罩，通过爆轰波碰撞理论推导出药型罩压垮速度，并结合改进的PER理论建立了杆式射流成形的模型。分析了药型罩结构参数对爆轰波碰撞压力的影响规律，获得了等质量变壁厚药型罩射流质量及速度分布的变化规律。结果表明：马赫反射压力随偏心距的增大而增大，随外壁曲率半径的增大而减小，而正规斜反射压力与马赫反射压力变化规律相反，且马赫反射压力受药型罩结构影响较大；通过对比不同方案，罩顶与罩口部厚、中间薄形状药型罩形成的射流质量提高了29.5%，头部速度提高了21.3%，且速度梯度最大，相同炸高条件下侵彻深度提高了约2倍装药直径。针对优化结构进行了数值模拟和实验验证，通过对爆轰波波形与药型罩结构合理的匹配设计，使形成的杆式射流成形及侵彻性能得到显著提升。Abstract: To improve the steel target penetrating capability of the rod-like jet, we designed an eccentric semispherical liner. The liner's collapsing velocity was deduced by detonation wave collision theory, and the rod-like jet formation model was established by combining the improved PER theory. The laws determining how the liner configuration parameters affect the detonation wave collision pressure were drawn out, and the jet mass and velocity distribution laws were obtained by changing the thickness of the equal mass liner. Our test results show that the Mach collision pressure increased with the increase of the eccentric distance, and decreased with the increase of the ectotheca curvature radius. Moreover, the variation law of the regular oblique reflection pressure was reverse with the Mach collision, which was greatly affected by the liner configuration. By comparing different schemes, we find that the jet mass of the liner, which was thick at the top and the bottom but thin in the middle, increased by 29.5%, and the tip velocity increased by 21.3%, while, with the maximum velocity gradient and the same condition of standoff distance, the penetration depth almost doubled the charge caliber. The simulation and experiment were carried out aiming at the optimal configuration, and the formation and penetration performance of the rod-like jet was improved remarkably through the optimum matching of the detonation wave form with the liner configuration.
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图 3 马赫反射压力、正规斜反射压力和射流头部速度随药型罩结构参数的变化曲线
Figure 3. Curves of Mach reflection pressure, regular oblique reflection pressure and tip velocity of jet vs. liner configuration parameters
图 6 不同方案射流质量随药型罩位置的变化曲线和射流速度分布曲线
Figure 6. Curves of jet mass vs. liner position and jet velocity distribution for different schemes
表 1 杆式射流成形计算结果
Table 1. Calculation results of rod-like jet formation
方案 成形形态 vtip/(m·s-1) vtail/(m·s-1) 理论 数值模拟 理论 数值模拟 A 
6 989 6 778 984 849 B 
7 489 7 243 672 556 C 
6 173 5 967 1 229 1 138 
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表 2 数值模拟与实验侵彻结果
Table 2. Penetration results of simulation and experiment
方案 方法 靶板1 靶板2 靶板3 H/mm D1/mm D2/mm D1/mm D2/mm D1/mm A 实验 52 29 29 370 数值模拟 53 31 31 386 B 实验 43 29 29 27 26 508 数值模拟 45 32 32 29 28 517 C 实验 48 27 27 232 数值模拟 50 30 30 258
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