岩爆岩石断裂的微观结构形貌分析及岩爆机理

赵康; 赵红宇; 贾群燕

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2015)06-0913-06

岩爆岩石断裂的微观结构形貌分析及岩爆机理

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)06-0913-06

江西理工大学建筑与测绘工程学院, 江西赣州 341000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51304083)；教育部科学技术研究重大项目基金(413045)；江西省自然科学青年基金项目(20142BAB216020)；江西省科技支撑计划项目(20132BBG70106)；江西理工大学重点课题(NSFJ2014-K02)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵康(1980—), 男, 博士, 副教授, zhaok_666666@163.com

中图分类号: O389;TU452
计量
- 文章访问数: 3953
- HTML全文浏览量: 545
- PDF下载量: 719
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-04-17
- 修回日期: 2014-06-11
- 刊出日期: 2015-12-10

An analysis of rockburst fracture micromorphology and study of its mechanism

School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China

摘要

摘要: 利用扫描电镜(SEM)对岩爆岩石断口微观形貌特征进行研究分析，从微观角度探索岩爆产生的机理。通过对平顶山十二矿岩爆现场取样对其断口形貌特征与地应力和岩石成分之间关系进行研究。巷道围岩劈裂岩块断口形貌多呈台阶状，劈裂面与地应力最大主应力方向平行，岩石断口属拉张断裂，劈裂纹的产生主要是脆性断裂；岩爆抛射出的岩块断口形貌非常复杂，裂面与切应力(最大主应力)方向平行或相交，不同平面内的微裂纹通过与岩爆裂纹间的微裂纹或受撕裂作用形成台阶，表面不平整，属于拉张或剪切型断裂。岩石细观成分对岩爆的影响也较大，结晶程度高、结构致密的硬脆岩石更易发生岩爆。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 微观形貌 /
- 扫描电镜 /
- 岩爆 /
- 岩石断口 /
- 地应力 /
- 岩石成分
Abstract: The micromorphological characteristics of rock failure surface by rockburst are analyzed and studied with the scanning electron microscope to explore the rockburst mechanism. The relation between rock failure surface morphology with stress and rock constituent is studied with rock samples from the rockburst site of the 12th Pingdingshan Mine. The results show the rock failure surface of surrounding rock of roadway presents a step-like shape, and the split surface is parallel to the orientation of the maximum principal stress of in-situ stress; the rock failure surface belongs to a draw-stretch fracture, where the crack is brittle. The rock failure surface morphology with rockburst casting is very complicated, and the broken face is parallel to or intersected with the direction of the shear stress (maximum principal stress). The microcrack on different planes form steps with those among rockburst cracks or under tearing effect, with uneven surfaces, which can be defined as stretch-draw or shearing fracture. Rock micro-components have a greater effect on rockburst, and the rockburst occurs more likely for the compact and brittle rock with a high crystalline degree.
- mechanics of explosion /
- micromorphology /
- scanning electron microscope /
- rockburst /
- rock failure surface /
- in-situ stress /
- rock composition

HTML全文

图 1 台阶状断口微观形貌

Figure 1. Micromorphological cross section of a step-like crack

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 板状断口微观形貌

Figure 2. Micromorphological cross section of a plate-like crack

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 雾区状断口微观形貌

Figure 3. Micromorphological cross section of a mist zone-like crack

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 沿晶断裂断口微观形貌

Figure 4. Micromorphological cross section of a crack's intergranular fracture

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 岩样1岩石材料的扫描电镜和EDS图谱

Figure 5. SEM and EDS spectrums of No. 1 rock material

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 岩样2岩石材料的扫描电镜和EDS图谱

Figure 6. SEM and EDS spectrums of No. 2 rock material

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 地应力实测结果

Table 1. Results of in-situ stress measurements

测点	最大主应力			中间主应力			最小主应力
测点	σ/MPa	方位α/(°)	倾角β/(°)	σ/MPa	方位α/(°)	倾角β/(°)	σ/MPa	方位α/(°)	倾角β/(°)
进风巷A	24.7	219	37	12.6	119	13	5.1	13	50
进风巷B	29.7	235	45	11.9	104	34	6.6	355	27

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 岩样1元素成分分析

Table 2. Component analysis of No.1 rock material

元素	w/%	a/%
C	27.78	55.64
O	11.11	16.71
Na	1.52	1.59
Si	1.85	1.59
Cl	0.62	0.42
Ca	0.76	0.45
Cr	5.88	2.72
Fe	9.82	4.23
Ni	40.65	16.65

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 岩样2元素成分分析

Table 3. Component analysis of No.2 rock material

元素	w/%	a/%
C	27.05	54.90
O	10.54	16.05
Si	3.67	3.18
Cr	23.72	11.12
Fe	9.63	4.20
Ni	25.40	10.55

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(14)

[1]	苏承东, 李化敏.深埋高应力区巷道冲击地压预测与防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(增刊2): 3840-3846. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yslxygcxb2008z2079 Su Cheng-dong, Li Hua-min. Study on forecast and prevention methods for rockburst of deep roadway with high geostrss[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(suppl 2): 3840-3846. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yslxygcxb2008z2079
[2]	蔡美峰, 王金安, 王双红.玲珑金矿深部开采岩体能量分析与冲击地压综合预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2001, 20(1): 38-42. http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-yslx200101010.htm Cai Mei-feng, Wang Jin-an, Wang Shuang-hong. Analysis of energy distribution and prediction of rockburst during deep mining excavation in Linglong Gold Mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2001, 20(1): 38-42. http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-yslx200101010.htm
[3]	张晓君.高应力硬岩卸荷岩爆模式及损伤演化分析[J].岩土力学, 2012, 33(12): 3554-3560. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YTLX201212006.htm Zhang Xiao-jun. Pattern and damage evolution of unloading rockburst for high-stress hard rock[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2012, 33(12): 3554-3560. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YTLX201212006.htm
[4]	黄锋, 徐则民.用动光弹方法研究隧道岩爆的爆破扰动机理[J].爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(6): 632-636. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)06-0632-05 Huang Feng, Xu Ze-min. On blasting perturbation mechanism of rock burst in tunnel by dynamic photo-elasticity[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(6): 632-636. doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)06-0632-05
[5]	陈国庆, 李天斌, 何勇华, 等.深埋硬岩隧道卸荷热-力效应及岩爆趋势分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(8): 1554-1563. Chen Guo-qing, Li Tian-bin, He Yong-hua, et al. Thermo-mechanical coupling and rockburst tendency analysis of deep hard rock tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(8): 1554-1563.
[6]	Priest S D, Hudson J A. Discontinuity of spacing in rocks[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1976, 13(5): 135-148.
[7]	冯涛, 谢学斌, 潘长良, 等.岩爆岩石断裂机理的电镜分析[J].中南工业大学学报:自然科学版, 1999, 31(1): 14-17. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=3524181 Feng Tao, Xie Xue-bin, Pan Chang-liang, et al. Fracture menchanism analysis for burst rock with electron scanning microscope[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology: Natural Science, 1999, 31(1): 14-17. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=3524181
[8]	谭以安.岩爆岩石断口扫描电镜分析及岩爆渐进破坏过程[J].电子显微报, 1989, 8(2): 41-47. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1989-DZXV198902008.htm Tan Yi-an. Analysis of fractured face of rock burst with scanning electron microscope and its progressive failure process[J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, 1989, 8(2): 41-47. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1989-DZXV198902008.htm
[9]	黄达, 谭清, 黄润秋.高应力卸荷条件下大理岩破裂面细微观形态特征及其与卸荷岩体强度的相关性研究[J].岩土力学, 2012, 33(增刊2): 7-15. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YTLX2012S2001.htm Huang Da, Tan Qing, Huang Run-qiu. Study of micro-mesoscopic characteristics of marble fracture surface and correlation with unloading rock mass strength under high stress and unloading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2012, 33(suppl 2): 7-15. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YTLX2012S2001.htm
[10]	朱珍德, 张勇, 徐卫亚, 等.高围压高水压条件下大理岩断口微观机制分析与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(1): 44-51. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSLX200501007.htm Zhu Zhen-de, Zhang Yong, Xu Wei-ya, et al. Experimental studies and microcosmic mechanics analysis on marble rupture under high confining pressure and high hydraulic pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(1): 44-51. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSLX200501007.htm
[11]	杨仁树, 王雁冰, 薛华俊, 等.切缝药包爆破岩石爆生裂纹断面的SEM试验[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2013, 42(3): 337-341. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgkydxxb201303002 Yang Ren-shu, Wang Yan-bing, Xue Hua-jun, et al. SEM experiment of rock crack cross section morphology after explosion fracturing with slotted cartridge[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2013, 42(3): 337-341. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgkydxxb201303002
[12]	李先炜, 兰勇瑞, 邹浚兴.岩石断口分析[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1983(1): 15-21. Li Xian-wei, Lan Yong-rui, Zou Jun-xing. A study of rock fractures[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 1983(1): 15-21.
[13]	郑达, 巨能攀.千枚岩岩石微观破裂机理与断裂特征研究[J].工程地质学报, 2011, 19(3): 316-322. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/gcdzxb201103004 Zheng Da, Ju Neng-pan. Scanning electronic microscope tests for rock micro-rupture mechanism and fracture characteristic of phyllite[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2011, 19(3): 316-322. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/gcdzxb201103004
[14]	左建平.温度-应力共同作用下砂岩破坏的微观机制与强度特征[D].北京: 中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院, 2006: 75-94.