Simplified calculation methods of gaseous explosion effects in buildings
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摘要: 根据当前受限空间内气体爆炸效应的研究成果，综述了建筑物内气体爆炸事故发生时室内压力、结构荷载及动力响应的简化计算方法，内容包括室内气体爆燃压力及结构荷载特点、爆燃压力和结构响应计算模型等。重点阐述了基于实验数据的泄爆压力关联式和反映燃气爆燃主要物理过程的压力简化计算模型，并分析了各类计算模型的适用性、存在问题以及爆燃荷载特征对结构响应的影响；探讨了考虑建筑功能特点影响的工程简化计算模型，对建筑物内爆燃压力计算应重点考虑点火位置、爆室几何特征、火焰燃烧速率、湍流效应以及泄爆结构开启过程等因素；对爆燃事故中结构响应的计算，应考虑爆燃荷载时程、结构初始静载与动载耦合、结构支座边界受载变化等因素。Abstract: In this paper the simplified calculation methods of internal pressure, structure load and dynamic response in gas deflagration in buildings were reviewed based on the current research achievements of gas explosion in confined space, including mainly the characteristics of deflagration pressure and structural load, the computation models of deflagration pressure and structural response. The empirical correlations of venting deflagration pressure based on experiment data and simplified calculation methods of venting deflagration pressure reflecting the fundamental physical process were examined in detail. The applicability of various models and the influences of deflagration load characteristics on the structural response were analyzed. The simplified calculation models for engineering that considering the influence of building functions were discussed with some advices given. In terms of the deflagration pressure calculation model, the ignition position, geometric characteristics of the blast chamber, turbulence effect of flame propagation and open process of venting structures should be considered. It was concluded that in terms of the calculation method of the structural dynamic response, some influencing factors such as deflagration load time-history, static-dynamic coupling loading and structure supporting load change should be taken into account.
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Key words:
- safety engineering /
- building /
- venting deflagration /
- calculation methods
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表 1 气体爆燃泄放影响因素
Table 1. Influencing factors of gas venting deflagration
类别 影响因素 爆源 燃气种类、组分及浓度 初始条件 点火前初始压力、温度和内部扰动 点火情况 点火源位置、点火强度 空间特性 爆室几何形状、尺寸、布局(单个房间或多个房间相连) 内部障碍物 形状、尺寸、位置、距离、排列形式 泄压口 尺寸、面积、位置、布列方式 泄爆结构 型式(门窗、隔墙、泄爆板等)、单位质量、开启压力 
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