Experimental study on suppression of gas deflagration by dry water materials
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摘要: 为了研制绿色环保高效的抑爆剂，以疏水型气相二氧化硅和去离子水为原料，采用机械搅拌法制备具有“固包液”结构的干水材料。利用20 L近球形爆炸装置测试干水材料对瓦斯爆燃的抑制效果。实验结果表明：当添加的干水材料较少（2 g和3 g）时，干水材料对瓦斯爆燃产生促进效果；当添加的干水材料大于4 g时，对瓦斯爆燃有抑制效果。通过研究不同粒径的干水材料对瓦斯爆燃的影响，发现干水材料的粒径对瓦斯爆燃最大压力的影响较小，但显著影响最大爆燃压力上升速率；对比不同类型改性干水材料对瓦斯爆燃的抑制效果，综合比较得出抑制效果由强到弱顺序为：尿素改性干水材料、磷酸二氢铵改性干水材料、聚磷酸铵改性干水材料、普通干水材料。Abstract: In order to develop green, eco-friendly and highly efficient explosion suppression agent, hydrophobic fumed silica and deionized water are used as the raw materials to prepare novel dry water materials with " water encapsulation by solid” structure by a mechanically stirring method. A 20 L near-spherical explosive device is employed to test the explosion suppression effect of dry water materials on methane deflagration. The experimental results show that, when the mass of the added dry water materials is 2 g and 3 g, it has a promoting effect on the gas deflagration; when the mass of dry water materials is more than 4 g, it has a suppression effect on gas deflagration. The effect of particle size of dry water on the inhibition performance is investigated. The particle size of dry water materials has less influence on the maximum deflagration pressure, but it greatly influences the maximum deflagration pressure rising rate. The explosion suppression performances of the modified dry water materials are compared with that of pure dry water. The suppression effects are ordered from strong to weak as: urea-modified dry water materials, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-modified dry water materials, ammonium polyphosphate-dry water materials and pure dry water materials.
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Key words:
- dry water materials /
- modifier /
- particle size /
- gas deflagration /
- explosion suppression
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图 5 不同体积分数甲烷的最大爆燃压力和最大爆燃压力上升速率曲线图
Figure 5. Maximum deflagration pressure and maximum deflagration pressure rising rate curves at different volume fractions of methane
图 6 添加抑爆剂后甲烷气体爆燃特性曲线图
Figure 6. Deflagration characteristic curves of methane gas after adding suppression agent
图 8 干水材料抑制甲烷气体爆燃的原理图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of methane gas deflagration inhibition by dry water materials
图 9 添加不同质量干水材料后甲烷爆燃特性曲线图
Figure 9. Deflagration characteristic curves of methane gas after adding different concentrations of dry water materials
图 10 添加不同质量干水材料时甲烷爆燃的最大爆燃压力和最大爆燃压力上升速率曲线图
Figure 10. Methane deflagration curves of maximum deflagration pressure and maximum deflagration pressure rising rate after adding different concentrations of dry water materials
图 11 添加不同粒径干水材料甲烷气体爆燃特性曲线图
Figure 11. Deflagration characteristic curves of methane gas after adding different sizes of dry water materials
图 12 添加不同粒径干水材料后甲烷爆燃的最大爆燃压力和最大爆燃压力上升速率曲线图
Figure 12. Methane deflagration curves of maximum deflagration pressure and maximum deflagration pressure rising rate after adding different sizes of dry water materials
图 13 添加不同改性干水材料甲烷气体爆燃特性曲线图
Figure 13. Deflagration characteristic curves of methane gas after adding different modified dry water materials
图 14 添加不同改性干水材料后甲烷爆燃的最大爆燃压力和最大爆燃压力上升速率曲线图
Figure 14. Methane deflagration curves of maximum deflagration pressure and maximum deflagration pressure rising rate after adding different modified dry water materials
图 15 添加不同含量聚磷酸铵改性干水、磷酸二氢铵改性干水尿素改性干水的甲烷气体爆燃特性曲线
Figure 15. Deflagration characteristic curves of methane gas after adding different concentrations of ammonium polyphosphate modified dry water, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate modified dry water and urea modified dry water
表 1 干水材料的流动性与离心测试结果
Table 1. Flowability and centrifugal test results of dry water materials
材料名称 休止角/（°） 在离心机不同转速下破裂干水材料的体积/mL 2 000 r/min 3 000 r/min 4 000 r/min 干水材料 33.1 0 5.5 12.1 磷酸二氢铵改性干水材料 34.9 0 5.1 10.4 聚磷酸铵改性干水材料 35.2 0 5.2 9.8 尿素改性干水材料 34.4 0 5.1 10.3 
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表 2 改性剂含量对甲烷气体爆燃特性参数的影响
Table 2. Effect of modifier concentration on deflagration characteristic parameters of methane gas
改性剂
种类改性剂
含量/%最大爆燃
压力/MPa最大爆燃压力上升速率/(MPa·s−1) 聚磷酸铵 10 0.34 3.71 20 0.42 5.12 30 0.44 5.20 磷酸二氢铵 10 0.28 3.13 20 0.35 3.56 30 0.50 7.10 尿素 10 0.20 2.00 20 0.27 2.87 30 0.29 2.67
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