High-speed photography image acquisition system in tunnel blasting and parameters study on precisely controlled blasting
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摘要: 受隧道内环境恶劣、相机防护等诸多因素制约，隧道现场爆破的高速图像采集与分析尚未实现，而这对精准控制爆破参数非常重要。以重庆某隧道为研究背景，在解决现场测试技术难题基础上，得到隧道爆破过程完整图像并同时获取爆破振动数据；据此分析了隧道爆破岩石破裂现象：炸药起爆15～18 ms后岩体移动，21 ms左右形成空洞并不断扩展后抛出；探讨了同对掏槽眼爆破协同作用时间与微差降振时间之间的矛盾，研究表明兼顾二者作用的起爆时差为8～50 ms；通过分析爆破裂隙扩展曲线特点并结合实测振动数据，确定起爆54 ms时形成第二临空面，较按过去方法确定的时间更精确，以此进行现场掏槽段位设计的降振效果良好；研究结果可为精准控制爆破提供参考。Abstract: Parameter design of precise controlled blasting in urban tunnels is crucial, which needs the high-speed photography image acquisition and study on the dynamic failure process of rock on field. However, it has not been studied in-depth in the past due to restrict of many factors, the factors include protection of the camera and the bad environment. Based on the technical problems tests on field are solved in a tunnel in Chongqing, China. Original data that include the images of the complete blasting process in tunnel and the blasting vibration data are collected simultaneously, which is the basis for analyzing the phenomenon of rock burst during blasting. 15−18 ms after initiation, the rock masses begin to move and caves are expanded continuously while the rock masses are thrown at about 21 ms. The blast effects is much better if the millisecond delay time between two blast-holes sets 8−50 ms, which can balance the contradiction between two blasting effects, one is the blasting synergetic effect between a pair of cutting holes, and the other is vibration reduction effects of millisecond blasting. The second free face is formed at 54 ms by analyzing the characteristics of crack propagation curves combined with field-measured vibration data. The method is more accurate than the time determined by past methods. Based on this, the optimized on-field delay design of detonators was carried out and got good vibration reduction results. The results can serve as a reference for precise controlled blasting of tunnel in the future.
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图 1 高速摄像电控与数据处理系统图
Figure 1. Electronic control and data processing system of high-speed camera
图 3 上台阶炮孔布设及爆破参数设计图
Figure 3. Holes layout of upper bench and design of blasting parameters
图 4 掏槽雷管样本各段延时范围
Figure 4. Initiation time delay ranges of detonators samples per period for cutting
图 6 2015.10.16爆破振动曲线（掏槽区）
Figure 6. Blast-induced vibration curve on October 16, 2015 (cutting zone)
图 7 炮孔起爆初期岩体的移动方向和范围
Figure 7. The moving direction and ranges of the rock mass at the initial stage of blasting
图 8 掏槽区岩体移动面积随时间变化图
Figure 8. Moving area change of rock mass with time in cutting blasting
图 9 移动岩体占掏槽区面积比例随时间变化图
Figure 9. The area proportion of moving rock mass in cutting zone change with time
图 10 隧道单孔单自由面爆破正上方地面振动曲线图
Figure 10. Ground vibration curve which is directly above a single shot with single free surface
图 11 两孔不同微差起爆时间对应的合成振速图
Figure 11. Superposition vibration velocity corresponding to two different millisecond delay times between two holes
图 12 计算合成振动曲线与实测振动曲线的对比
Figure 12. Comparation of the calculated superposed vibration curve and the measured one
图 13 典型起爆时刻空洞尺寸变化的计算结果图
Figure 13. Calculation results of the cave’s size change at typical initiation time
图 15 空洞尺寸、振速、起爆时间之间动态关系图
Figure 15. Dynamic relationship among cave size, vibration velocity and initiation time
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