Experimental investigation on spontaneous combustion of high-pressure hydrogen leakage to form jet fire
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摘要: 为了探究高压氢气泄漏发生自燃时所需的临界初始释放压力随管道长度的变化规律，了解管内自燃火焰向管外喷射火焰转变的发展过程，本文利用压力、光电以及高速摄像等测试系统展开实验研究。实验结果表明：当管道长度相同，初始释放压力较低时，氢气泄漏不容易发生自燃；随着管道长度的增加，氢气发生自燃时的临界初始释放压力先缓慢减小后迅速增大；当管道长度一定时，初始释放压力越大，激波传播速度越快，氢气管内自燃的位置距离爆破片越近；气流通过激波马赫盘后，火焰燃烧加剧；随着时间的增加，火焰长度呈现先增大后逐渐减小的变化趋势，喷射火焰尖端的平均传播速度逐渐减小；火焰宽度呈现先增大后迅速减小至稳定值的变化规律。Abstract: In this paper, to investigate the variation of the critical initial release pressure with the pipeline length in high-pressure hydrogen leakage that leads to spontaneous combustion and the transition process from spontaneous combustion flame inside the tube to the jet flame outside the tube, we conducted experiments using a pressure gauge, a photoelectric and high-speed camera, etc. Our results showed that, at the same pipeline length and under a low initial release pressure, hydrogen is not apt to spontaneous combustion. The minimum initial release pressure of hydrogen spontaneous combustion decreases slowly and then increases rapidly with as the pipe length increases. At the same pipeline length, the greater the initial release pressure, the faster the shock wave propagation, and the closer the hydrogen self-ignition position inside the pipe to the rupture disc. It is found that the flame combustion is intensified after the airflow passed through the Mach disk. With the increase of time, the flame length increases first and then decreases gradually, the average propagation speed of the jet flame tip decreases gradually. The flame width increases first and then decreases rapidly to a stable value.
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Key words:
- hydrogen /
- spontaneous combustion /
- pipeline /
- shock wave /
- jet fire
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图 1 高压氢气泄漏自燃的扩散点火理论
Figure 1. Diffusion ignition theory of high-pressure hydrogen self-ignition
图 2 高压氢气泄漏模拟实验装置示意图
1. Pressure reducing valve；2. High-pressure pneumatic valve；3. Controller；4. Pressure gauge；5. Tanks；6. Vacuum pump；7. Rupture disc；8. Data processor；9. High-speed camera；10. Computer
Figure 2. Illustration of the experimental platform
图 4 氢气自燃时管道长度与初始释放压力的关系
Figure 4. Pipe lengths vs. initial release pressure of hydrogen self-ignition
图 5 压力传感器P1监测到的压力波形变化
Figure 5. Pressure waveform variation monitored by pressure sensor P1
图 8 管长700 mm不同初始释放压力下的激波传播速度图
Figure 8. Shock wave propagation speed of pipe length 700 mm under different initial release pressures
图 9 管内火焰向管外喷射火焰转变的过程图
Figure 9. Transition of flame inside pipe to the jet flame outside pipe
图 10 管长700 mm初始释放压力7.08 MPa下管外火焰的发展图
Figure 10. Flame development process of pipe length 700 mm and initial release pressure 7.08 MPa
图 11 管长300 mm和700 mm初始释放压力相近的管外火焰形态变化
Figure 11. Flame development process with similar initial release pressure of 300 mm and 700 mm
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