聊聊动态塑性和黏塑性

王礼立 董新龙

王礼立, 董新龙. 聊聊动态塑性和黏塑性[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(3): 031101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0024
引用本文: 王礼立, 董新龙. 聊聊动态塑性和黏塑性[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(3): 031101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0024
WANG Lili, DONG Xinlong. Talk about dynamic plasticity and viscoplasticity[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(3): 031101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0024
Citation: WANG Lili, DONG Xinlong. Talk about dynamic plasticity and viscoplasticity[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(3): 031101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0024

聊聊动态塑性和黏塑性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0024
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王礼立(1934- ),男,教授,博士生导师,wanglili@nbu.edu.cn本文根据作者在2019年全国冲击动力学前沿论坛(2019年12月13~15日,海南万宁)的大会报告《聊聊动态塑性、黏塑性和损伤演化》删减整理而成

  • 中图分类号: O347.1

Talk about dynamic plasticity and viscoplasticity

  • 摘要: 固体力学研究者致力于具有应力-应变本构关系(以下简称为形变型本构关系)的变形体的力学响应研究,而流体力学研究者致力于具有应力-应变率本构关系(以下简称为流动型本构关系)的流动体的力学响应研究。当涉及结构和材料的动态塑性时,到底应该用“塑性变形”还是“塑性流动”来表示?本文从宏观塑性本构理论和微观位错动力学机理两个角度,分别讨论并指出塑性本构关系属于流动型黏塑性率相关本构关系,且同时适用于加载和卸载;因而不应该用应力-应变图来描述塑性加-卸载过程。弹塑性本构关系则是一种形变型和流动型本构关系的耦合。
  • 图  1  (a) 在τ-γ坐标中表示的Hooke弹性定律(τ=);(b)在τ-$\dot \gamma $坐标中表示的Newton黏性定律(τ=η$\dot \gamma $);(c) 在τ-γ坐标中表示的Newton黏性定律(τ=η$\dot \gamma $

    Figure  1.  (a) The Hooke’s elastic law (τ=) described in τ-γ coordinates; (b) The Newton’s viscous law (τ=η$\dot \gamma $) described in τ-$\dot \gamma $coordinates; (c) The Newton’s viscous law (τ=η$\dot \gamma $) described in τ-γ coordinates

    图  2  理想晶体的剪切滑移

    Figure  2.  Shear slip in a perfect crystal

    图  3  由位错运动形成的滑移。

    Figure  3.  Slip formations due to dislocation movement.

    图  4  一列平行位错的运动造成的宏观塑性切应变

    Figure  4.  The macroscopic plastic shear strain ${\gamma ^{\rm{p}}}\left( {{\rm{ = }}\tan \theta } \right)$ caused by the motion of a row of parallel dislocations

    图  5  位错势垒示意图

    Figure  5.  Schematics of dislocation barrier

    图  6  应力空间中的Mises屈服圆柱和刘氏断裂钟面[14]

    Figure  6.  Mises yielding cylinder and Liu’s bell-like fracture surface in principal stress space[14]

    (1) Yield cylinder (Hencky-Mises); (2) (3) Liu’s bell-like rupture surface; (7) Brittle fracture cone; (8) Plane of pure shear; (9) Liu’s non-fracturing cone

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-01-15
  • 修回日期:  2020-02-20
  • 刊出日期:  2020-03-01

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