KH2PO4/SiO2复合粉体抑制铝粉爆燃效果及机理分析

颜轲; 孟祥豹; 潘智超; 王政; 张延松

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0190

KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑制铝粉爆燃效果及机理分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0190

颜轲^1,,
孟祥豹^{1, 2, 3, ,},
潘智超¹,
王政¹,
张延松^{1, 2, 3}

1.
山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院，山东青岛 266590
2.
山东科技大学青岛市生产安全火灾重大事故智能控制工程研究中心，山东青岛 266590
3.
山东科技大学公共安全研究院，山东青岛 266590

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52074174）

详细信息

作者简介:
颜　轲（1997－　），男，硕士，yanke19970325@163.com

通讯作者:
孟祥豹（1980－　），男，博士，副教授，mxb@sdust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O381
计量
- 文章访问数: 260
- HTML全文浏览量: 128
- PDF下载量: 54
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-14
- 修回日期: 2021-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-24

Effect and mechanism of KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder in inhibiting aluminum dust deflagration

YAN Ke^1
,,
MENG Xiangbao^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
PAN Zhichao¹,
WANG Zheng¹,
ZHANG Yansong^{1, 2, 3}

1.
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China
2.
Qingdao Intelligent Control Engineering Center for Production Safety Fire Accident, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China
3.
Institute of Public Safety, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂对铝粉爆燃的抑制作用，采用球磨机将KH₂PO₄和SiO₂混合研磨制备出新型的KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂。在哈特曼管实验装置上，开展爆燃火焰传播抑制实验，结果表明：随着KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂含量的增加，爆燃火焰传播长度和速度逐渐减小，当添加质量比10∶6的KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂时，可实现铝粉爆燃火焰传播的抑制。在20 L球形爆炸装置上，开展复合粉体抑爆剂抑制铝粉爆炸压力测试实验，结果表明：随着KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂含量的增加，铝粉爆炸最大爆炸压力p_max和最大爆炸压力上升速率(dp/dt)_max逐渐减小，当添加质量比10∶9的KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂时，可实现铝粉爆燃的完全抑制。通过KH₂PO₄粉体、SiO₂粉体与复合粉体抑爆剂对比可知，复合粉体抑爆剂对铝粉火焰传播和爆炸压力的抑制效果都优于单体粉体抑爆剂。通过对铝粉在空气中燃烧的热分析研究，从化学和物理两个方面分析了KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂对铝粉爆燃的抑制机理。
- KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体 /
- 铝粉爆炸 /
- 爆燃特性 /
- 抑制机理
Abstract: To expand the application field of environmental protection materials, a composite powder explosion inhibitor was developed to suppress the explosion disaster of aluminum powder. The KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor, a new type of explosion inhibitors, was prepared by grinding KH₂PO₄ and SiO₂ using a ball mill and used to study its inhibition effect on aluminum powder deflagration. The deflagration flame propagation inhibition experiments were carried out in a Hartmann tube experimental device. The results show that the propagation length and speed of the deflagration flame gradually decrease with the increase of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor content. When a KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor with the mass ratio of 10∶6 is added, the deflagration flame propagation inhibition of the aluminum powder can be realized. The pressure test experiments of the composite powder explosion inhibitor to inhibit the aluminum powder explosion were carried out in a 20-L spherical explosive device. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure (p_max) and maximum explosion pressure rise rate ((dp/dt)_max) of the aluminum powder explosion gradually decrease with the content of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor. When a KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor with the mass ratio of 10∶9 is added, the complete inhibition of aluminum powder deflagration can be realized. By comparison with the KH₂PO₄ powder, SiO₂ powder and composite powder explosion inhibitors, the inhibition effect of the composite powder explosion inhibitor on the flame propagation and explosion pressure of the aluminum powder is better than that of monomer powder explosion inhibitors. Through the thermogravimetric analysis of aluminum powder and KH₂PO₄, the inhibition mechanism of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor on aluminum powder deflagration was analyzed from both chemical and physical aspects. The KH₂PO₄ attached to the surface of composite powder explosion inhibitor absorbs heat rapidly, and the volatile participates in the explosion and combustion reaction of aluminum powder, which significantly reduces the maximum volatile content (dp/dt)_max. The SiO₂ affects the heat transfer of aluminum powder explosion and combustion, resulting in incomplete combustion and p_max reduction.
- KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder /
- aluminum dust explosion /
- deflagration characteristics /
- inhibition mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 哈特曼管实验装置

Figure 1. The Hartmann tube experimental device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 20 L球形爆炸实验装置

Figure 2. The 20-L spherical explosion experimental device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 铝粉颗粒的粒度分布

Figure 3. Particle size distributions of the solid aluminum powder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 铝粉的SEM和EDS图像

Figure 4. SEM and EDS images of the aluminum powder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同质量比KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉末的SEM图像

Figure 5. SEM images of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powders with different mass ratios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体的EDS能谱

Figure 6. EDS spectra of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 升温速率为10 ℃/min时铝粉和KH₂PO₄粉末的热重分析

Figure 7. Thermogravimetric analysis of the aluminum powder and KH₂PO₄ powder at the heating rate of 10 °C/min

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 铝粉爆燃的火焰传播过程

Figure 8. Propagation process of the aluminum powder deflagration flame

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 纯铝粉和不同质量比复合粉体抑爆剂抑制铝粉爆燃的火焰传播过程

Figure 9. The propagation process of the aluminum powder deflagration flame with or without explosion inhibitors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 铝粉爆燃火焰传播的峰值速度和平均速度

Figure 10. Peak velocities and average velocities of aluminum powder deflagration flame propagations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 铝粉爆炸压力典型曲线

Figure 11. A typical explosion pressure curve of aluminum powder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 添加不同抑爆剂对铝粉爆炸压力曲线的影响

Figure 12. Explosion pressure curves of the aluminum powders with different explosion inhibitors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 添加不同抑爆剂对铝粉爆炸最大爆炸压力和最大升压速率压力的影响

Figure 13. Maximum explosion pressures and maximum pressure rise rates of the aluminum powders with different explosion inhibitors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 复合粉体抑爆剂抑制铝粉爆燃反应的机理

Figure 14. The mechanism of composite powder explosion inhibitor inhibiting aluminum powder deflagration reaction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(27)

[1]	MARMO L, CAVALLERO D, DEBERNARDI M L. Aluminium dust explosion risk analysis in metal workings [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2004, 17(6): 449–465. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2004.07.004.
[2]	JOSEPH G. Combustible dusts: a serious industrial hazard [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 142(3): 589–591. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.127.
[3]	文虎, 杨玉峰, 王秋红, 等. 矩形管道中微米级铝粉爆炸实验 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(5): 993–998. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2016-0003. WEN H, YANG Y F, WANG Q H, et al. Experimental study on micron-sized aluminum dust explosion in a rectangular pipe [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(5): 993–998. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2016-0003.
[4]	杜宇婷, 司荣军, 薛少谦. 铝粉爆炸无火焰泄压技术及装备研究 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2020, 16(4): 132–136. DOI: 10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2020.04.021. DU Y T, SI R J, XUE S Q. Research on flameless venting technology and device for aluminum dust explosion [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2020, 16(4): 132–136. DOI: 10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2020.04.021.
[5]	CHEN H Y, ZHANG Y S, LIU H, et al. Cause analysis and safety evaluation of aluminum powder explosion on the basis of catastrophe theory [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2018, 55: 19–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2018.05.017.
[6]	朱小超, 郑立刚, 于水军, 等. 阻塞比对竖直管道中铝粉爆炸特性的影响研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(10): 105402. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0006. ZHU X C, ZHENG L G, YU S J, et al. Effect of blocking ratio on aluminum powder explosion’s characteristics in vertical duct [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(10): 105402. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0006.
[7]	NI X M, KUANG K Q, YANG D L, et al. A new type of fire suppressant powder of NaHCO₃/zeolite nanocomposites with core-shell structure [J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2009, 44(7): 968–975. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.06.004.
[8]	左前明, 程卫民, 邹冠贵, 等. 协同增效原理在煤尘抑爆剂中的应用实验 [J]. 重庆大学学报, 2012, 35(1): 105–109,116. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582x.2012.01.020. ZUO Q M, CHENG W M, ZOU G G, et al. Applied experiments on coal dust inhibitor based on the theory of synergistic effect [J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 2012, 35(1): 105–109,116. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582x.2012.01.020.
[9]	KRASNYANSKY M. Prevention and suppression of explosions in gas-air and dust-air mixtures using powder aerosol-inhibitor [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2006, 19(6): 729–735. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2006.05.004.
[10]	WANG Y, CHENG Y S, YU M G, et al. Methane explosion suppression characteristics based on the NaHCO₃/red-mud composite powders with core-shell structure [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 335: 84–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.031.
[11]	YAN K, MENG X B. An investigation on the aluminum dustexplosion suppression efficiency and mechanism of a NaHCO₃/DE composite powder [J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2020, 31(8): 3246–3255. DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.06.014.
[12]	LUO Z M, WANG T, TIAN Z H, et al. Experimental study on the suppression of gas explosion using the gas-solid suppressant of CO₂/ABC powder [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2014, 30: 17–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.04.006.
[13]	LI Q Z, LIN B Q, LI W X, et al. Explosion characteristics of nano-aluminum powder-air mixtures in 20 L spherical vessels [J]. Powder Technology, 2011, 212(2): 303–309. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.04.038.
[14]	XIAO Q, LIU B, MA X S, et al. An experimental investigation on the ignition sensitivity and flame propagation behavior of mixed oil shale-coal dust [J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2021, 193(8): 1359–1377. DOI: 10.1080/00102202.2019.1695606.
[15]	CHEN Z H, FAN B C, JIANG X H. Suppression effects of powder suppressants on the explosions of oxyhydrogen gas [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2006, 19(6): 648–655. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2006.03.006.
[16]	王秋红, 申中一, 王清峰. 抑制铝粉尘云爆炸的粉体材料效能对比分析 [J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 51(4): 922–930. DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2020.04.007. WANG Q H, SHEN Z Y, WANG Q F. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of powder materials on suppressing aluminum dust cloud explosion [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2020, 51(4): 922–930. DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2020.04.007.
[17]	WANG Z, MENG X B, YAN K, et al. Inhibition effects of Al(OH)₃ and Mg(OH)₂ on Al-Mg alloy dust explosion [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2020, 66: 104206. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104206.
[18]	YU X Z, YU J L, ZHANG X Y, et al. Combustion behaviors and residues characteristics in hydrogen/aluminum dust hybrid explosions [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 134: 343–352. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2019.12.023.
[19]	陈曦, 陈先锋, 张洪铭, 等. 惰化剂粒径对铝粉火焰传播特性影响的实验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37(4): 759–765. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0759-07. CHEN X, CHEN X F, ZHANG H M, et al. Effects of inerting agent with different particle sizes on the flame propagation of aluminum dust [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2017, 37(4): 759–765. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0759-07.
[20]	国家技术监督局. 粉尘云最小点火能测试方法双层振动筛落法(积分计算能量): GB/T 15929–1995 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995.
[21]	国家技术监督局. 粉尘云最小着火能量测定方法: GB/T 16428–1996 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1996.
[22]	WANG J F, ZHANG Y S, SU H F, et al. Explosion characteristics and flame propagation behavior of mixed dust cloud of coal dust and oil shale dust [J]. Energies, 2019, 12(20): 3807. DOI: 10.3390/en12203807.
[23]	WANG J F, MENG X B, MA X S, et al. Experimental study on whether and how particle size affects the flame propagation and explosibility of oil shale dust [J]. Process Safety Progress, 2019, 38(3): e12075. DOI: 10.1002/prs.12075.
[24]	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 粉尘云爆炸下限浓度测定方法: GB/T 16425–2018 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.
[25]	国家技术监督局. 粉尘云最大爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率测定方法: GB/T 16426–1996 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1997.
[26]	林柏泉, 梅晓凝, 王可, 等. 基于20L球形爆炸装置的微米级铝粉爆炸特性实验 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2016, 36(7): 661–667. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2016.07.001. LIN B Q, MEI X N, WANG K, et al. Explosion characteristics of micro-aluminum powders in 20 L spherical vessels [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016, 36(7): 661–667. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2016.07.001.
[27]	陈晓坤, 张自军, 王秋红, 等. 20 L近球形容器中微米级铝粉的爆炸特性 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(5): 1130–1136. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0101. CHEN X K, ZHANG Z J, WANG Q H, et al. Explosion characteristics of micro-sized aluminum dust in 20 L spherical vessel [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(5): 1130–1136. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0101.